從社會生態系統的觀點看當代港口阿美人的海洋觀

Abstract

港口阿美人與海洋有著密切的互動關係，從漁獵採集到生活祭儀，產生出豐富的海洋相關知識，形成特殊的阿美族海洋文化。從社會生態系統之理論，關注到人類社會與自然環境交互作用的影響，而海洋觀作為港口阿美人看待海洋的方式，展現出漁獵採集生活中社會意義，及動態過程下不斷調適而成的海洋文化。藉此理解到海洋之於港口阿美人的特殊意義，以及海洋觀的動態性。\n然而，在面對到社會變遷及國家治理制度的影響下，海洋觀所遭受的衝擊與挑戰，使社會運作的方式受到影響，海洋使用的方式也有所改變。不過，港口阿美人透過社會行動及回應，持續不同尺度的社會環境進行對話，並對於當代議題做出調適，如此過程，形成海洋觀動態性的發展，也從此展現出社會的韌性與調適能力。\n最後，本研究透過海洋觀的理解及當代的衝擊與回應，在港口阿美人的海洋觀與變動的回應過程中，嘗試提出當代海岸環境治理之構想，並在國家現有的治理框架之下，討論治理思維與治理制度兩面向，試圖從中尋找國家與部落的對話平台，使海洋觀在海洋環境治理之架構中，展現出重要的價值與意義，作為未來政策導向之啟發。

Amis people in Makota’ay have close relations with ocean. From fishing hunting to life festival, it creates abundant knowledge about ocean, and also becomes special Amis ocean culture. The approach of social-ecological system focus on the dynamic interaction between human society and natural environment. Adopting this idea helps to understand the relations between Amis people and environment. On the other hand, the concept of ocean refers to the ways people conceptualize their relations with the ocean. Exploring the concept of ocean of Amis people in Makota’ay helps to reveal how society and environment mutually constructed each other. It also shows how ocean plays the role as an important culture space.\nHowever, facing the contemporary social changes and the country’s legal system, the concept of ocean for Makota’ay encounters strong shock and challenge. Also, the society and its ways of using ocean resources are influenced. Facing the impact and challenge, Amis people in Makota’ay use practical actions and flexible thinking, which shows their ability to react to contemporary issues. Therefore, this study tries to explore the process of changing and people’s responds to impacts. By analyzing the impact response, this study reveals the meanings behind contemporary phenomena in indigenous society.\nIn the end, through understanding the concept of ocean, response to contemporary impact, the concept of ocean in Makota’ay, and the changing progress of response, the study makes suggestions to the governance of contemporary ocean environment. The suggestions include two aspects: the ideology of governance, and the institution of governance under the country’s legal regime. With these suggestions, this study tries to bridge the gap between government and indigenous communities. In this way, this study can contribute to reveal the importance value of indigenous peoples’ concept of ocean, as well as the inspirations for future policy.