21世紀中國推動公眾外交之研究

Abstract

近年來，美國及中國等國家空前重視公眾外交，而中國更是利用推動公眾外交，藉以提升其國際地位及國家形象。隨著冷戰後局勢改變，世界進入一個全新秩序，中國勢力崛起不再是單純經濟面向，而是包含對中國政治、軍事及經濟的擴張，更甚可能夾雜危及美國國際地位及對國際秩序與和平的疑慮。中國現階段雖採「和平發展」的戰略，刻意保持低姿態，與美國密切合作，不直接挑戰美國霸權，然而在美中貿易戰正式展開的同時，美中關係似乎越來越走向敵對，似可看出中國其實有取代美國，成為主導世界的地緣政治力量的戰略野心。\n正值中國經濟、軍事實力不斷擴張的同時，似也正與美國進行意識形態競爭，因此，中國試圖以推展公眾外交，塑造良好國家形象以防堵「中國威脅論」，強調中國經濟發展與經濟全球化相聯繫，在參與全球經濟發展同時，降低世界各國對其崛起所產生之威脅感，以遂推行對中國有利之政策，進而與他國交往互動時也能較為和平順利。本研究認為中國在21世紀必然要堅持和平發展道路及採取獨立自主外交政策，透過「公眾外交」積極介入國際事務，扮演區域和平與全球穩定角色。\n本文先歸納出中國建構公眾外交的制度與具體政策實行狀況，再從瞭解中國媒介宣傳、教育文化交流活動等軟實力對於推動公眾外交的影響及實際作為；最後評析中國推廣公眾外交之成效與評估未來發展限制。

In recent years, the United States, China and other countries have paid unprecedented attention to public diplomacy This research focuses on China`s“public diplomacyˮ strategy to further promote its international status and national image in the post cold war era. The rise of Chinese power is no longer a purely economic expansion, but includes the expansion of China’s political, military and economic development, and even threatens the international status of the United States and the international order. As China adopts the strategy of“peaceful developmentˮ, it deliberately maintains its low profile position and cooperates closely with the United States. China also has not challenged directly the USA`s hegemony status. However, given that the US-China trade war has officially launched, US-China relations seem to be increasingly hostile. We have not yet seen that China has a well framed and explicit strategy to challenge the United States and to dominate the world order. On the contrary, China is focusing on economic and military expansion. China is also competing with the United States in the ideological field.\nTherefore, China promotes a “public diplomacyˮ strategy and strives to shape a benign national image to counter the "China threat theoryˮ as seen plausible by other countries. For example, when being questioned about China`s ambition on global economic development, China argues that China`s economic development is linked to economic globalization which aims to reduces its threat to other countries around the world. It is also easier for China to implement beneficial policies, and adopt a more peaceful approach when interacting with other countries. In conclusion, in the 21st century, China still needs to adhere to a path of peaceful development and adopt independent foreign policies. China could actively intervene in international affairs through a “public diplomacyˮ strategy, then play the role of regional peace keeper and promoter of global stability.\nThis thesis first summarizes the system of China`s construction of “public diplomacyˮ and the implementation of “public diplomacyˮ policies. It then discusses the influence and actual ramification of soft power, such as Chinese media propaganda and educational and cultural exchange activities that promote “public diplomacyˮ. Finally, it analyzes the effectiveness and evaluates China`s “public diplomacyˮ and future constraints.