Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/125969| 題名: | 迷的情感經濟與勞動：防彈少年團（BTS）與迷的社群媒體實踐 Affective Economy and Labor of Fandom: A Study on BTS and their fans` social media practices |
作者: | 龎袿方 Pang, Kuei-Fang |
貢獻者: | 柯裕棻 Ko, Yu-Fen 龎袿方 Pang, Kuei-Fang |
關鍵詞: | BTS 偶像 迷 數據轉向 情感勞動 情感經濟 社群媒體 BTS idol fans data turn affective labor affective economy social media |
日期: | 2019 | 上傳時間: | 5-Sep-2019 | 摘要: | 2017年起，韓國男子偶像團體防彈少年團（BTS）不僅紅遍亞洲，更將K-pop帶到全球音樂產業的殿堂——美國。其發展過程與轉變不僅是韓國偶像團體具體而微的文化表徵，也同時呈現生產端與迷如何運用社群媒體共同創造強大、足以打入北美市場的偶像文本。循此背景，本篇論文旨在探討迷（A.R.M.Y）的媒介實踐，從中檢視迷與偶像的情感暨親密關係如何在媒介文化中生成以及維繫。\n本研究以文本分析法，從防彈少年團的偶像文本及相關報導資料解析偶像的形象建構，及其形象如何影響迷對偶像文本的認同想像與關係構連。研究者並藉赴韓實地追星，與線上參與迷打榜組織的田野觀察，呈現迷群活動的複雜度與實際狀況。最後則透過深度訪談法，訪問七組共九位追星身份不一之迷的意見領袖。不僅描繪他們對偶像的情感地圖，也點出迷從免費、甘願到有價，程度不一的勞動狀況，以及迷如何在粉絲圈中各司其職，以追星為業，從中賺取金錢利益。\n首先，研究發現K-pop娛樂產業的結構面設計，催化迷的數據轉向。以銷量、觀看次數等量化榜單作為優劣指標，藉此召喚迷對偶像的情感認同，讓迷自願成為數據女工，甘願為其勞動。這群深諳媒體暨產業運行規則的迷，便透過重複消費、觀看、點擊、播放等方式，創造大量人工數據。活絡韓國的音樂產業，並為K-pop在全球創造不容忽視的聲量。\n其次，生產端則藉社群媒體打破名人過往的神祕性，推出互動式、生活化的偶像，透過各類媒體與文本內容展現魅力，維繫與迷綿密的情感，召喚迷持久地參與和投入。並以強調概念性的故事專輯，強化迷群對偶像的情感認同與投入，同時開闢出獨特、意義豐沛的審美空間，生成複合式的音樂閱聽體驗。\n最後，消費端也就是迷，得到了「被商業化的主動性」，並加入生產端，成為造星工業的非正式員工。迷清楚自身在商業體系中的價值，他們總是主動出擊，藉此與生產端談判、協商，共創雙贏。並透過消費，在商業市場中與整體社會文化展開對話，找到現代社會下的自我定位與身份認同。 Since 2017, the Korean idol group BTS has not only popularized around Asia, but also brought Korean pop (K-pop) to the iconic music industry market in the world, the United States. BTS’s development process and transformation represent the culture of Korean idol groups, and at the same time present how the agency and fans create powerful idol contexts together on social media, leading their success of entering the North American market. In this context, this study aims to understand how the affections and intimacy between fans and idols are generated and maintained in the media culture by exploring the media practice of BTS’s fans, A.R.M.Y.\nThis study uses contextual analysis to analyze the image construction of idols from BTS’s idol contexts and related media reports, and how this idol image affects fans’ identity and their relationship with the idol. The complexity and actual situation of fan activities are presented in this study with the researcher’s firsthand experience of participating in a fan meeting in Korea and joining online fan organizations as field observations. Then, drawing on in-depth interviews with nine opinion leaders who create distinctive identities within the fandom, fans’ “affective maps” with idols are depicted, while different levels of fan labor, varying from volunteering for unpaid works to gaining money from the fandom as a profession, are revealed.\nFirst, this study discovers that the structural design of the K-pop entertainment industry has catalyzed the data turn of fans. The quantitative charts of album sales volume and number of views become the indicator of idols’ success, propelling the fans’ affective commitment on producing these data and working willingly for the entertainment industry. The fans create excessive data through repeated consumption, viewing, clicking, and playing the music. This is what vitalizes the Korean music industry and makes K-pop phenomenal around the world.\nSecond, the agency uses social media to unveil the mystery of celebrities, launching interactive and approachable idols. The agency displays the idols’ charm through various media and text content to maintain fans’ solid devotion. With an emphasis on the story concept of albums, fans’ affective commitment to the idol is strengthened and thereby a unique and meaningful aesthetic is generated for a complex music consumption experience.\nFinally, the consumer side, the fans, is granted with the “authorized initiative” by the entertainment industry, becoming an unofficial employee. Fans are well aware of their own values in the commercial system, and always take initiative in negotiating with the entertainment industry to create a win-win situation. In addition, through consumption, fans open up a dialogue with the overall social culture in the commercial market to find self-positioning and identity in modern society. |
參考文獻: | Abercrombie, N., & Longhurst, B. (1998). Audiences: A Sociological Theory of Performance and Imagination. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.\nBoorstin, D. J. (1961). The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America. Vintage.\nChoi, J. (2015). Hallyu versus Hallyu-hwa. In Lee, S., & Nornes, A. M., (Eds.), Hallyu 2.0: The Korean Wave in the age of social media (pp. 31-52). MI: University of Michigan Press.\nCouldry, N. (2004). Theorizing media as practice. Social Semiotics, 14(2), 115-132.\nDarling-Wolf, F. (2004). SMAP, sex, and masculinity: Constructing the perfect female fantasy in Japanese popular music. Popular Music and Society, 27(3), 357-370.\nDe Kosnik, A. (2013). Fandom as free labor. In Scholz, T., (Eds.), Digital labor: The Internet as playground and factory, (pp. 98-111). NY and London: Routledge\nDeleuze, G., & Guattari, F. (1987). A thousand plateaus(B. Massumi, Trans.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.\nEllison, N.B., & boyd, D. (2013). Sociality through Social Network Sites. In W.H. Dutton (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies (pp. 151-172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.\nEiji, Ō., & Steinberg, M. (2010). World and Variation: The Reproduction and Consumption of Narrative. Trans. Marc Steinberg. In Lunning, F., (Eds.), Mechademia 5: Fanthropologies (pp. 99–117). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.\nFiske, J. (1989). Understanding popular culture. London & New York: Routledge.\nGalbraith, P. W., & Karlin, J. G. (2012). Introduction: The mirror of idols and celebrity. In Idols and celebrity in Japanese media culture (pp. 1-32). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.\nGalbraith, P. W. (2012). Idols: The image of desire in Japanese consumer capitalism. In Galbraith, P. W., & Karlin, J. G., (Eds.), Idols and celebrity in Japanese media culture (pp. 185-208). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.\nGiles, D. (2000). Illusions of Immorality: A Psychology of Fame and Celebrity. London: Macmillan.\nGranovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.\nGrossberg, L. (1992). Is there a fan in the house?: The Affective Sensibility of Fandom. In Lewis, L. A., (Eds.), The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and Popular Media (pp. 50-65). London and NY: Routledge.\nGoffman E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Anchor Books .\nHardt, M. (2007). Foreword: What Affects Are Good For. In Clough, P. T., & Halley J., (Eds.), The Affective Turn: Theorizing the Social. NC: Duke University Press.\nHills, M. (2015). Veronica Mars, fandom, and the ‘Affective Economics’ of crowdfunding poachers. New Media & Society, 17(2), 183-197.\nHogan, B. (2010). The presentation of self in the age of social media: distinguishing performances and exhibitions online. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(6), 377–386.\nJenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NY: NYU press.\nJenkins, H., Ford, S., & Green, J. (2013). Spreadable media: Creating value and meaning in a networked culture. NY: NYU press.\nJian, M. J., Liu, C. D. (2009). ’Democratic Entertainment’ Commodity and Unpaid Labor of Reality TV: A Preliminary Analysis of China’s Supergirl. Inter-asia Cultural Studies, 10(4), 524-543.\nJin, D. Y., & Yoon, K. (2016). The social mediascape of transnational Korean pop culture: Hallyu 2.0 as spreadable media practice. New media & society, 18(7), 1277-1292.\nLee, S. (2015). Introduction: A decade of Hallyu scholarship: Toward a new direction in Hallyu 2.0. In Lee, S., & Nornes, A. M., (Eds.), Hallyu 2.0: The Korean Wave in the age of social media (pp. 1-27). MI: University of Michigan Press.\nLewis, L. (1992). Introduction. In The Adoring Audience: Fan Culture and the Popular Media (pp. 1-6). London and NY: Routledge.\nLin, H. S. (2012). Emotions, Desires, and Fantasies: What Idolizing Means for Yon-sama Fans in Japan. In Galbraith, P. W., & Karlin, J. G., (Eds.), Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture (pp. 166-181). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.\nMarshall, P. D. (2010). The promotion and presentation of the self: celebrity as marker of presentational media. Celebrity studies, 1(1), 35-48.\nMeehan, E. R. (2000). Leisure or Labor ? Fan Ethnography and Political Economy. In E.Hagen & J. Wasko(Eds.), Consuming Audience ? Production and Reception in Media Reasearch, pp.71-92. NJ : Hampton Press.\nMiller, T., McHoul, T. M. A., McHoul, A. W., Miller, T., & Miller, T. (1998).\nPopular culture and everyday life. London: Sage.\nNagaike, K. (2012). Johnny’s idols as icons: Female desires to fantasize and consume male idol images. In Galbraith, P. W., & Karlin, J. G., (Eds.), Idols and celebrity in Japanese media culture (pp. 97-112). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.\nOh, I. (2013). The Globalization of K-pop: Korea`s Place in the Global Music Industry. Korea Observer, 44(3), 389.\nReinecke, L., Vorderer, P., & Katharina, K. (2014). Entertainment 2.0? The role of intrinsic and extrinsic need satisfaction for the enjoyment of Facebook use. Journal of Communication, 64(3), 417-438.\nRojek, C. (2001). Celebrity. London: Reaktion.\nSandvoss, C. (2005). Fans: The mirror of consumption. UK: Polity.\nStacey, J. (1994). Star gazing: Hollywood cinema and female spectatorship. London: Routledge.\nTerranova, T. (2000). Free labor: Producing culture for the digital economy. Social text, 18(2), 33-58.\nTreat, J. W. (1993). Yoshimoto Banana writes home: shojo culture and the nostalgic subject. Journal of Japanese Studies, 19(2), 353-387.\nTurkle, S. (1995). Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet. NY: Simon and Schuster.\nTurner, G. (2013). Understanding celebrity. Sage.\nVirilio, P. (1995). La vitesse de libération: essai. Paris: Galilée.\n\n朱華瑄譯（2009）。《探究迷文化》。台北：韋伯文化國際出版有限公司。（原書Hills, M. [2002]. Fan Cultures. London, UK: Routledge.）\n李明璁（2015）。〈韓國流行音樂的視覺性、身體化與性別展演：以 [少女時代] 的 MV 產製和消費挪用為例〉，《新聞學研究》， 122: 37-78。\n李佩真（1989）。《偶像文本的消費意義：迷與偶像關係之探》。世新大學教育學研究所碩士論文。\n李雅筑（2013）。《韓國流行音樂的視覺文化── 以 [少女時代] MV 的看用經驗為例》。國立台灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。\n邱德亮（2001）。〈導讀：維希留加速 2000 年〉。楊凱麟譯，《消失的美學》，頁 1-55。台北：揚智。（原書Virilio, P. [1995]. Esthétique de la disparition. France: Galilée.）\n吳叡人譯（1999）。《想像的共同體：民族主義的起源與散佈》。台北：時報。（原書 Anderson, B. [1991]. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London ; New York: Verso.）\n林宏濤（2008）。〈文化工業：作為群眾欺騙的啟蒙〉。《啟蒙的辨證：哲學的片簡》。台北：商周。（原書 Adorno, T., W., Horkheimer, M. Dialektik der Aufklärung: philosophische Fragmente）\n夏璐譯（2016）。《現代性與自我認同：晚期現代中的自我與社會》。北京：中國人民大學出版社。（原書 Giddens, A. [1991]. Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. CA: Stanford University Press.）\n洪凌譯（1998）。《擬仿物與擬像》。台北：時報文化。（原書 Baudrillard, J. [1981]. Simulacres et simulation. Paris: Galilée.）\n周筱婷（2016）。《台灣哈韓族的追星實踐》。師範大學大眾傳播研究所碩士論文。\n周素鳳譯（2001）。《親密關係的轉變：現代社會的性 愛 慾》。台北：巨流圖書公司。（原書 Giddens, A. [1992]. The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Society. Cambridge: Polity Press.）\n張熠（2016）。《耽於美色: 腐女的情慾經驗與身份認同》。政治大學傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程碩士論文。\n梅衍儂（2012）。《初探韓流下的偶像神話敘事——以 Super Junior 與 ELF 的想像關係與情感認同為例》。政治大學新聞研究所學位論文。\n褚炫初譯（2012）。《動物化的後現代：御宅族如何影響日本社會》。台北：大藝。（原書：東 浩紀 [2001]。《ゲーム的リアリズムの誕生: 動物化するポストモダン》。東京：講談社）\n簡妙如（1996）。《過度的閱聽人：[迷] 之初探》。政治大學新聞研究所學位論文。\n簡妙如（2015）。〈甘願勞動：歌唱選秀節目的遊戲，順從與業餘者明星\n夢〉，《傳播研究與實踐》，5(1): 1-31。\n陶東風（2006）。〈前言〉。陶東風編，《粉絲文化讀本》，頁3-15。北京：北京大學出版社。\n楊玲譯（2009）。〈昆汀・塔倫蒂諾的星球大戰——數碼電影、媒介融合和參與性文化〉。陶東風編，《粉絲文化讀本》，頁100-113。北京：北京大學出版社。（原書 Jenkins, H. [2003]. Quentin Tarantino’s Star Wars? Digital cinema, media convergence, and participatory culture. Rethinking media change: The aesthetics of transition, 281-312. Mit Press.）\n鄭熙青譯（2016）。《文本盜獵者：電視粉絲與參與式文化》。北京：北京大學出版社。（原書Jenkins, H. [1992]. Textual poachers: Television fans and participatory culture. NY: Routledge.）\n鄭淑玲譯（2012）。《大明星：慾望、迷戀、現代神話》。台北：群學。（原書Edgar, M. [1957]. Les Stars.）\n蕭瑞麟、劉麗惠，2013。《韓國演藝經紀與實務制度研究計畫（計畫編號： PG10207-0050）》。台北：文化部。\n謝靜雯（2013）。《從媒體中介到社群中介-名人和粉絲透過社群網站的觀展和想像》。國立政治大學新聞研究所碩士論文。\n嚴敏譯（2010）。《明星》。北京：北京大學出版社。（原書 Dyer, R. [1979]. Star. London, UK: British Film Institute.） | 描述: | 碩士 國立政治大學 傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程 105464052 |
資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105464052 | 資料類型: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | 學位論文 |
Files in This Item:
| File | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 405201.pdf | 5.25 MB | Adobe PDF2 | View/Open |
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.