從《台灣府志》〈藝文志〉看清領前期台灣散文正曲的生成

Abstract

本文首先說明清領初期官方編修台灣方志的背景與目的；而後，以乾隆二十九年（1764）以前纂修的五部《台灣府志》〈藝文志〉為對象，嘗試探討不同時間、不同編輯群所篩選出來的散文作品，究竟具有何種特色？各個階段的選擇標準為何？除了美學的考量外，其背後還可能涉及什麼樣的施政理成與統治策略？這些問題在本論文中將逐步討論。基本上，本文將方志藝文志視為編纂者掌握或爭奪文學發言權的場域，經過中或心／邊陲；官／民；內地文人／本土士子的角力之後，代表帝國的聲音終究覆蓋了一切。散文的正典遂於十八世紀中葉成立，而成為官方認識台灣與台灣士子認識「官方眼中的自己」的一個重要憑藉。

This article begins with an introduction to the background and the purposes of the compilation of official local gazetteers about Taiwan in the early Qing. Then based on the “Records of Literature” it turns to discuss the following questions. 1) What are the characteristics of these records compiled by different groups of editors in different periods? 2) What are the standards for selecting prose pieces in each period? 3) Aside from aesthetical concerns, do these records show the governmental ideals or ruling strategies? In conclusion, this article argues that compiling the “Records of Literature” in the local gazetteers was a means for the editors to dominate the literature field. After all kinds of struggles between center and periphery, between official and the people, between inland men of letters and local literati, the voice which represented the position of the empire finally overwhelmed all the other. Thus, the Canon for prose was established in the mid eighteenth century, and became a very important basis fro the central government to comprehend Taiwan and for the Taiwanese literati to recognize “themselves through the government’s eyes.”