「文藝」如何「復興」？－「文藝」的一種現代化歷程

Abstract

隨著域外文化思潮在中國的廣泛傳播，「文藝」一詞的現代意涵，指稱包含文學、攝影、美術、劇場、電影等類型的概念，在二十世紀後逐漸為人所知。然「文藝」一詞的含意由傳統演變至現代，是一繁複而曲折的過程，如同其他近現代中國的新名詞，是在十九世紀以後，通過歐洲語言、日語、現代與傳統漢語的複雜流通中逐漸生成的，反映了中國傳統文化如何走過「三千年未有之大變局」，與外來文明揉合轉化，生產出新的意義。而當此新意涵在中文語境裡流傳、普及，並與其他詞語串連，用以指涉表達特殊的概念，便也逐漸形成了一套彼此相關的話語論述，反映了現代中國知識建構或思想演變之部分面向。然此轉化與演進，歷經了哪些階段？其演變與特質為何？仍有待梳理。本篇論文即在前人相關的研究基礎上，借鑑數位人文研究方法，爬梳其時社會、文化脈絡，考察「文藝」如何通過翻譯，與其他新舊觀念衝撞、協商、匯通，並被當時的人所使用，初步挖掘「文藝」觀念的一種「現代化」歷程

In classical Chinese literature, the term ＂Wenyi ( 文藝)＂ was used for a long time, which can be referred to general humanities and knowledge. However, the meaning of this term nowadays differs to some extents from its original one. This investigation notes that the meaning of ＂Wenyi＂ has changed from its traditional meaning around the turn of the last century while the idea of ＂art＂ was disseminated throughout China. Then, the new meaning of ＂Wenyi＂ as ＂literature and art＂ became popular after the new cultural movement of 1919. As art and literature were regarded as a part of the new culture, which also needed to be polished and renewed to save and strengthen the nation, the meaning of this term became more well-known after intense debates were conducted on. Finally, around 1930, the modern meaning of the term, which is used today, stabilized. This article traces the transformation of the meaning of this term, and how English-Chinese Dictionaries, translated Japanese literature, the spreading concepts from Western art, and the Chinese printing culture have helped to standardize and normalize the new meaning. Besides, based on the methodology that is used in digital studies in the humanities, this preliminary study also investigates the use of this term during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican period using information that is retrieved from ＂the database of the modern Chinese thought and literature (1830-1930)＂.