大里杙福興宮二媽軟身神像研究－歷史、物性與主體性

Abstract

大里杙位於臺中市大里區。根據清代文獻與地圖，最晚在乾隆中葉以前，已是臺中盆地內比較大型的漢人聚落。身為大里杙信仰中心的福興宮，不僅是當地年代最早的廟宇，也一直被認為是林爽文事件起義地。地方於是形成了不少關於林爽文和福興宮遷廟敗壞其地理風水等傳說。關於大里杙福興宮軟身二媽神像的分析，本文循著目前媽祖神像研究主軸，如歷史背景、信仰、造形、年代或圖像辨識面向，分別梳理了大里杙的開發史與地方記憶；其次，也透過文化資產角度中對「物性」的關注，深入檢視該尊神像的材質、製作技術等面向，透過科學檢測，獲取神像物質材料更完整的訊息；最後，廟方主事人員以卜筊方式徵詢二媽神像欲修復其臉部脫落處，但歷經百年卻一直未獲同意，反映出神像作為一種文物，也擁有其主體性與話語權，並點出文物價值中的另一種「倫理」面向。

Dali Yi is located in Dali district of Taichung city. According to Qing dynasty documents and maps, Dali Yi had already become a large settlement of Han people in the Taichung Basin, at the very latest, before the mid Qianlong period. Fuxing Temple, as a religious center in Dali Yi, was not only the period`s earliest temple in the locale, but has also been continually regarded as the location of the uprising of Lin Shuangwen. Consequently, many legends of Lin Shuangwen and the corruption of the geographical fengshui, which stemmed from the relocation of Fuxing Temple, have taken shape in the locale. As for the analysis of the flexible Er Ma deity statue of Fuxing Temple in Dali Yi, this article follows current research on Mazu deity statutes, focusing on such facets as its historical background, beliefs, image creation, generational or image recognition. I also distinguish and sort through the development history and local memories of Dali Yi. Next, by also paying close attention to materiality from the perspective of cultural capital, I investigate in depth the quality of the material and the craftsmanship of this respected statute. Through a scientific examination, I obtained more complete information on the statue`s materials. Last, the managing personnel of the temple have consulted the Er Ma deity statue through casting divination blocks wanting to restore the statues facial features that have fallen off; however, in a hundred years, they have never been able to obtain consent. This reflects the idea that, as a kind of cultural artifact, the deity statue possesses its own principal character and right of language, pointing out another kind of ethical facet in the value of cultural artifacts.