社區營造輔導團隊「社區培力策略」之辯證分析：以新故鄉文教基金會參與桃米生態村為例

Abstract

隨著資訊化及民主化的發展，傳統政府官僚一言堂的運作模式，因草根力量崛起、社群意識勃興、賦權概念昂揚，業已遭受激烈的挑戰，社區治理的概念乃因應而生。不過，完善的社區治理，必須先進行社區培力的基礎工作，藉以促使社區學習與觀念轉化。回顧過去十餘年台灣所推動的社區總體營造政策，無疑是最佳的寫照。在社區營造培力過程中，屬於非營利組織性質的專業輔導團隊往往扮演關鍵性角色，特別是在九二一大地震重建經驗中，透過許多專業團隊的輔導，曾培力出不少精彩的社區營造成果，本文探討的「桃米生態村」即是一個明顯案例。然而，專業輔導團隊參與社區培力的過程中，其涉入的程度、角色的扮演及與社區間的互動類型，經常影響培力策略的選擇，甚至是社區營造成敗關鍵所在。根據本文對「桃米生態村」的研究顯示，在社區營造過程中，組織互動類型往往隨著社區自我治理能量的變動而有所轉化，儘管在同一時期中，亦會有不同優先順序考量，並嘗試型塑出最佳的培力策略。再者，輔導團隊的不斷自我省思，以及社區居民的持續學習成長，也是另一重要成功關鍵。要之，社區培力策略是一種藉由組織互動、團隊學習所產生的積極性成果，假若缺乏彼此間的相互激勵與成長，終將導致輔導團隊與社區居民間各種不信任的疑慮產生。

In recent years, information and democracy have raised grass root, consciousness and community empowerment has had a great impact on bureaucratic and technocratic in practices. We favor community empowerment strategy in order to assist residents in learning and changing their ideas and behavior. Community empowerment policy in Taiwan, now has involves many nonprofit professional organizations and has produced many unanticipated consequences, especially during the 921 earthquake reconstruction. Based on these experiences, the role of professional organizations, specifically their involvement, detachment and types of interaction were very important. These had a great impact on the choice of empowerment strategy and are always the key points of success or failure in the community empowerment process. In the case of Taomi Eco-village, we found that the types and priorities of professional organizations strategy changed with the community learning and self-empowerment. Moreover, during this process, professional organizations had to continually evaluate their strategies and mistakes, the community residents while due to continually learn. Community empowerment strategy depends on smooth interaction between professional organizations and community residents, in order to build trust and sustainable development.