汶川震後大陸NGOs的發展及其對公民社會的影響

Abstract

中國大陸非政府組織（NGOs）的研究，2008年汶川大地震無疑是一項重要的里程碑，汶川地震發生後，無數來自民間社會的志願者、NGOs與國際非營利組織（International NGOs, INGOs）投入災區救援與重建，甚至引發難得一見的「志願服務熱潮」，許多學術界與實務界樂觀地預期2008年為中國大陸的「公民社會元年」。依此可知，汶川地震後，大陸NGOs的發展及其對公民社會的影響實為一項值得觀察的課題。本文旨在探討汶川地震後，中國大陸NGOs的發展特色為何？其對於公民社會的影響為何？汶川地震後，大陸政府對於非營利部門治理方式是否將有所改變？若有，則將朝向何種方向發展？本文以北京、成都做為蹲點研究場域， 蒐集相關文獻與訪談NGOs的實務界與學術界， 針對汶川地震後，中國大陸NGOs的發展特質進行探討，並且針對不同NGOs對於中國大陸公民社會的影響進行初步的觀察。

The aim of this research is to systematically explore the impact of NGOs upon civil society after 2008 Sichuan Earthquake. The 2008 Sichuan earthquake was a deadly earthquake that measured at 8.0 Ms and 7.9 Ms occurred at 14:28:01.42 CST (06:28:01.42 UTC) on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan province of China and killed at least 69,227 people. Following the earthquake, donations were made by people from all over mainland China and all over the world, with booths set up in schools, at banks, and around gas stations. China had received over $500 million in donated money and goods for rescue efforts so far, including a number of NGOs and NPO. After the earthquake, many academic and practical communities are optimistic to the future development of NGOs and civil society. They strongly asserted that 2008 Sichuan Earthquake will be “the era of civil society” in China. This article attempts to argue this proposition. Important questions are discussed: What are the characteristics of NGOs in China after the Sichuan earthquake? What are its impact of civil society? Will Chinese government change the governance pattern of the NGOs? What will be the possible development of NGOs in China?