俄羅斯飛航安全之研究

Abstract

飛航安全，理應是航空領域的重中之重。不過，儘管身為世界軍事科技強權、具備自行研製民航機的能力，俄羅斯的民航安全卻普遍不受國際信賴，甚至被視為危險的代名詞。\n\n本文首先了解俄國民航領域發展歷程，接著按時間順序劃分蘇聯、葉爾欽與普欽主政三個時期，運用相關數據與模型，探討各時期俄國飛航安全情況、分類事故原因。研究結果發現蘇聯時期飛安表現呈進步趨勢；葉爾欽時期碰上蘇聯解體的混亂，民航安全大幅衰退；普欽時期則逐漸好轉，但仍有進步、改善空間。\n\n再者，以近年兩起代表性空難進行個案研究，持續追蹤俄國民航部門、各航空業者是否依照空難調查報告書建議著手強化飛航安全。政府部門方面仍有許多基本法令、規範未能跟上世界腳步；航空公司部分，以Aeroflot為首的大型航空業者在經營與飛航安全上則有長足進步。\n\n和往日相比，俄國飛安已有相當程度改善，但距離擺脫負面名聲、建立廣受旅客信賴的聲譽，還有一段不短的路要走。

Flight safety should be the top priority in aviation. However, despite being a world military scientific and technological power and capable of developing its own civil aircraft, Russia’s aviation safety is generally not trusted internationally and is even regarded as synonymous with danger.\n\nThe thesis starts with the history of Russian civil aviation, divide it into three different periods in chronological order (Soviet Union, Yeltsin and Putin), uses relevant data and models to explore civil aviation safety of Russia and classify the causes of accidents in each period.\n\nTwo plane crash case studies were conducted in this thesis to track whether Russian civil aviation departments and airlines have proceeded to strengthen aviation safety in accordance with the recommendations of air crash investigation reports. On the government side, there are still many basic laws and regulations that have not kept pace with the world. As for airlines, large aviation companies such as Aeroflot have made great progress in terms of operation and flight safety.\n\nCompared to the past, aviation safety in Russia has improved considerably, but there is still a long way to go to get rid of negative reputations and regain trust from travelers.