中國國族神學： 中國與韋伯一百週年

Abstract

在國際關係理論和政治理論領域內，政治神學理論很少在此領域被討論，更別說在民族主義理論或是認定形成理論裡討論。國際關係理論一般把政治神學理論歸類於“宗教”，這個分類造成了國際關係研究裡極大問題，導致政治神學只局限在中國宗教自由以及與其他國際關係相關議題。國際關係理論學者對政治神學沒有一致的看法而形成了兩個學派，包括認同世俗化理論的主流國際關係學者，以及反對世俗化理論的非主流國際關係學者。此論文將採用韋伯提出的理論來銜接雙方的歧異，並申論韋伯所提出的社會形成理念型理論，加以使用其理論來洞察政治神學是如何潛移默化地形成當代社會。\n\n為了證明此方法可行，此論文將探討中國民族主義作為案例分析。韋伯曾在他1920去世前出版“中國的宗教: 儒教及道教”一書申論中國宗教議題，本論文認為此理論對此研究論文具有相當大的實用性，本論文在韋伯去世100年後，針對了相同主題，同時也更新了原著的研究方法以及分析論述。

Recent scholarship in Political Theology, especially in how it relates to nationalism and identity formation, has often not factored into the discussion and concerns of mainstream International Relations and Political theorists. Most work has focused on the problematic category of ‘religion’ and mainly focuses on the topic of religious freedom in China and how it relates to wider issues in International Relations. There is a large divide between the work of scholars who have been reassessing and challenging the dominant paradigm for engaging with theology in IR: Secularisation, and the mainstream scholars who continue to operate under this paradigm. This piece attempts to bridge this divide by using the work of Max Weber, particularly his work on Ideal Types for Social formation, and adapting them in such a way that allows for an engagement with the Theological concepts that underpin contemporary societies.\nTo demonstrate this methodology in action, contemporary Chinese Nationalism is analysed using this adapted framework of analysis. Max Weber is doubly useful here because of his extensive engagement with China in his work ‘The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism’ which was published in the years before his death in 1920. This Thesis, therefore, updates both the methodology and analysis on the same subject, 100 years later.