向美國黑人宣傳對日抗戰：劉良模在《匹茲堡信使報》的〈中國觀點〉專欄，1942-1945年

Abstract

學者一般認爲1942-1945年間《匹茲堡信使報》的〈中國觀點〉專欄有助於美國黑人與戰時中國友好，專欄的結束表示美國黑人對國民政府忽略有色人種感到失望。本文首先回顧美國黑人與華人的關係，認爲雖然雙方都追求與白人關係的平等，但黑人不關心華人，甚至支持日本侵華，而華人也模仿白人歧視黑人。他們彼此關係實際上很陌生，共同利益在珍珠港事變後才出現。其次以該專欄作家劉良模的政治背景爲基礎，認爲專欄所詮釋的抗戰，事實上反映作家自己對共產主義與中國民族主義的信仰。他從各種角度宣傳的中國人與黑人友誼，乃爲了滿足自己的政治需求，因此扭曲國民黨對有色人種的態度。黑人讀者因而無法了解眞實的中國，高估中國對有色人種的關注，進而加重對國民政府的不滿。

Scholars generally believe that the ＂China Speaks＂ column in the Pittsburgh Courier from 1942 to 1945 encouraged solidarity among Black American readers with war-time China, and that the termination of this column expressed the disappointment Black Americans felt with the Chinese Nationalist regime`s lack of attention to people of color. This paper begins with a review of the relationship between Black Americans and Chinese at the time. It argues that although Black Americans and Chinese both pursued racial equality relative to Whites, Black Americans cared little about Chinese and some even supported Japan`s invasion of China; at the same time, Chinese imitated white people to discriminate against black people. Black Americans and Chinese did not have much interaction with each other and only found common cause after the attack on Pearl Harbor. This study then analyzes the political background of the column`s writer, Liu Liang-mo, and argues that the column`s interpretation of China`s War against Japanese Aggression was merely propagating the writer`s own belief in Chinese nationalism and communism. Liu`s promotion of a friendship between Chinese and Black Americans was, in fact, a means to realize his own political ambition; hence, the column presented a distorted view of the Chinese Nationalists` attitude toward people of color. The column led Black American readers to misunderstand the real China and overestimate Chinese attention to people of color, thereby reinforcing their frustration with the Nationalist regime.