土地經濟與文化實踐─以環山部落果園產業為例

Abstract

本論文以臺中市和平區環山部落果園產業為例，從土地經濟生產模式切入，試圖分析環山部落的泰雅族人與「平地人」在果園產業中所處的結構，及如何藉由文化實踐調適與適應，並從中重新反思原住民族土地政策。本研究首先整理環山部落接觸落葉果樹的歷程，透過不同時期泰雅族人種植果樹的經驗分析生產模式的轉變。從泰雅族人對於生態知識、生活方式與果樹種植之間的混合，顯示果樹作為「新」的經濟作物的生產模式，被賦予「舊」的意義，果樹成為族人與土地連結的象徵。接著討論「平地人」進到環山部落、取得土地、透過信仰的凝聚創造新的秩序。最後，分析泰雅族人與「平地人」生產關係中的交錯及不同層次的衝突與合作、及各自對於結構的調適與適應。並透過墾殖殖民主義的概念，反思當前地權制度與族群分界造成的問題，並試著提供邁向解殖的可能性。本研究透過在地尺度、經濟的面向，看到原住民部落當代的土地現象，並從一個土地經濟的案例理解當代的原漢關係。

This is a case study of the deciduous fruit industry in Sqoyaw community of Heping district, Taichung. The research attempts to review the indigenous land policy by analyzing the land-economic production structure of the deciduous fruit industry in Sqoyaw community and how Tayal people and Han(lowland) people use their own culture practice to adapt and adjust to the structure. This study first reviews how deciduous fruit industry came to Sqoyaw community, and analyzes the changes of production mode through the experience of Tayal people. From the blending of deciduous fruit trees planting, Tayal’s ecological knowledge and ways of life, it shows that the ‘new’ industry of deciduous fruit is given an ‘old’ meaning by Tayal people. The deciduous fruit tree becomes a symbolic link between Tayal people and their land. Furthermore, the research then investigates how Han(lowland) people migrated to Sqoyaw community, how they acquired the land that was owned by Tayal people, and how they created a new order by the cohesion of their common religion. Moreover, the research examines the relationship in production, the conflicts and cooperation in different levels and how Tayal people and Han (lowland) people adapt and adjust to the structure respectively. Lastly, the concept of settler colonialism provides a way to rethink the problems created by the land policy and the ethnic bounderism nowadays. This research attempts to find the possible ways for decolonization. By studying land economic in the local scale, this research reveals the relationship between the indigenous people and Han people in the contemporary society.