公立幼兒園教師職業形變之研究

Abstract

職業是生活中不可或缺的一部分，當其對個人產生負面的影響就稱為職業形變(Professional Deformation)。本研究採取質性研究方法，訪談八位不同年資的雙北市公立幼兒園教師，來探討公立幼兒園教師職業形變的樣貌、原因、影響以及調適的方法。\n主要研究結果如下：\n一、公立幼兒園教師職業形變的樣貌分為三大部分：個性的改變（個性不寬容、脾氣暴躁）、人際互動的改變（嘮叨與碎碎念、口頭禪、講道理與說教、希望他人服從指令、過於關注幼兒）以及工作感受的改變（語彙轉換不良、疲憊感增加）。不同年資的幼兒園教師，職業形變的樣貌也不同。\n二、公立幼兒園教師職業形變的影響為：養成不良職業習慣、人際互動出現負面影響、親子關係變差、情緒與生理的耗竭以及職業倦怠。\n三、公立幼兒園教師職業形變的主要原因為：教學場域的壓力（幼兒吵雜躁動、空間及步調壓力、一成不變的作息與環境、家長壓力、工作負荷壓力、專業成長壓力）以及社會壓力（職業形象與刻板印象壓力、社會大眾檢視的眼光）。\n四、公立幼兒園教師職業形變的調適方式為：卸下幼兒園教師角色、培養個人興趣、建立支持性人際網絡、安靜的休息空間、情緒調適以及工作塑造。\n本研究對公立幼兒園教師的建議為應自覺職業形變的現象，並實行調適職業形的方式。對幼兒園的建議為提供教師合宜的休息空間與時間、提供情緒調適的管道，以及鼓勵教師進行專業成長。對未來研究者的建議為研究對象可以納入其他類型的幼兒園、訪談對象可以加入幼兒園教師的重要他人，以及使用量化的研究方式探討幼兒園教師的職業形變與年資的關係。

Profession is an integral part of life, when they have a negative impact on individuals is called professional deformation. The purpose of this study is to understand the appearance, causes, impacts and adjustment methods of public preschool teachers` professional deformation.\nThe main findings of the study are as follows:\n1.The appearance of public preschool teachers` professional deformation is divided into three parts: conscious changes, changes in other people`s interactions, and feelings in the work area. Preschool teachers of different teaching years have different professional deformation.\n2.The effects of public preschool teachers` professional deformation is developing bad professional habits, negative effects of interpersonal interactions, poor parent-child relationships, and job burnout.\n3.The causes of public preschool teachers` professional deformation is pressure in the teaching field and social pressure.\n4.The adjustment of public preschool teachers` professional deformation is s to remove the role of the preschool teacher, cultivate personal interests, establish a supportive interpersonal network, a quiet resting space, innovation in teaching mode, and job crafting.\nThis study suggests that public preschool teachers should be conscious of the phenomenon of professional deformation in order to reduce the side effects.