Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128953
題名: 中國投資東帝汶之風險評估及其影響
Risk assessment and impact of investment of China in Timor-Leste
作者: 陳彥霖
Chen, Yen-Lin
貢獻者: 魏艾
陳彥霖
Chen, Yen-Lin
關鍵詞: 東帝汶
一帶一路
投資風險
地緣政治
新殖民主義
Timor-Leste
The Belt and Road Initiative
Investment Risk
Geopolitics
Neocolonialism
日期: 2020
上傳時間: 2-Mar-2020
摘要: 中國對外投資數額自「走出去」戰略以來,不斷增加,且隨著「一帶一路」的提出,投資範圍更加廣泛,金額也隨之成長,近年更加強對東帝汶的投資與發展雙邊關係。但是東帝汶經濟發展落後,過度依賴油氣資源,且缺乏基礎建設與工業技術等投資誘因,加上國內政治不穩定等缺失,都對中國的投資造成一定程度的風險。唯一的誘因當屬東帝汶身處大洋洲與亞洲的交會之處,極具地緣戰略地位的優勢,近可牽制印尼與澳洲等中等強國,遠則可遏阻美國的進犯。然而東帝汶自本世紀獨立以來,一直都在澳洲的勢力範圍之內,對東帝汶影響甚深,緊密相連的印尼則是東帝汶最依賴的貿易夥伴,這些都顯示出中國投資東帝汶不僅將面臨內政風險,還有地緣政治風險必須解決。東帝汶近期加入「一帶一路」成員國與亞洲基礎建設投資銀行,也表明中國正逐一克服種種風險,拉近與東帝汶的夥伴關係。此一發展卻也不免令人擔憂,東帝汶是否會像馬爾地夫與斯里蘭卡一樣,陷入債務陷阱,讓本就脆弱的經濟更難以翻身。因此探究中國對東帝汶的投資影響將至關重要,究竟是幫助東帝汶的南南合作,或是壓榨東帝汶的新殖民主義與新自由主義,以及中國還將面臨哪些投資風險,都有待持續探討。
Since the implement of the “Go Out Policy”, the amount of foreign investment of China has been increasing. With the proposal “The Belt and Road Initiative”, the scope of investment has become wilder and the amount has increased. In recent years, China even strengths the bilateral relations of investment and development with Timor-Leste. However, the economic development of Timor-Leste still falls behind. It relys on gas and oil resources excessively and it also lacks investment incentives of infrastructrue and industrial technology and the instability of domestic politics, which had casued the investment of China become risker. It is the only reducement that Timor-Leste is located at the intersection of Oceania and Asia. It has the advantage being a geostrategic position, which can rein in middle powers such as Indonesia and Australia, and it can also deter the US offense. However, since it independence in 21st, Timor-Leste has been influence by Australia. Indonesia, closely connected with Timor-Leste, is the most close trade partner of Timor-Leste. All above shows that Timor-Leste is not only facing domestic political risk but also geopolitical risk. Recently Timor-Leste join “The Belt and Road Initiative” and “Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank”, showing that China is overcoming multiple risks and closer to its partnership with Timor-Leste. This development is worrying. Whether Timor-Leste will follow in Sri Lanka or Maldives and fall into a debt crisis, which will make the already fragile economy even worse. Therefore, it is important to explore the impact of China’s investment in Timor-Leste. Is China`s investment helping South-South cooperation in East Timor, or squeezing East Timor`s neocolonialism and neoliberalism? What other investment risks does China face? All of these have yet to be explored.
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ydyliit.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=236&id=1977>\n「東帝汶-外國人在當地工作的風險」,一帶一路工業和資訊化資料庫,2017年11月30日,<http://www.ydyliit.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&cat id=235&id=1969>\n「東帝汶民主共和國政府代表團到京 喬冠華外長設宴歡迎東帝汶貴賓」,人民日報,1975年12月30日,<http://m.zlck.com/rmrb/news/LH2DO039.html>\n「東帝汶誇中國軍艦物美價廉,棄澳洲產品」,環球網,2010年6月24日,<http:/ /mil.huanqiu.com/world/2010-06/880606.html>\n孫廣勇、林芮,「全世界都將從一帶一路中獲益」,人民日報,2019年07月21日,<http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2019-07/21/nw.D110000renmrb_20 190721_2-03.htm>\n徐海靜,「東帝汶!那裡究竟發生了什麼?」,新華每日電訊,2006年5月31日,<http://new.big5.oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CCND&dbname=CCND2006&filename=XHMR200605310051&v=MDQ4MDBQU1hHZkxHNEh0Zk1xb3hFWk9zS0RSTkt1aGRobmo5OFRuanFxeGRFZU1PVUtyaWZadTl1Rnl2bFVMM0lJRjBX>\n「海牙法庭將仲裁東帝汶與澳洲海洋劃界爭議」,BBC,2016年9月17日,<http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2016/09/160927_australia_east-timor_ma ritime_dispute>\n「耿協威參贊出席2019年東帝汶食品加工技術培訓班赴華學員行前教育活動」,中華人民共和國駐東帝汶民主共和國大使館經濟商務參贊處,2019年10月15日,<http://easttimor.mofcom.gov.cn/article/jmxw/201910/20191002904252. shtml>\n崔小濤,「美國強化非洲軍事存在欲何為」,中國日報,2016年5月31日,<http:// top.chinadaily.com.cn/2016-05/31/content_25555490.htm>\n張晗爍,「日媒:中國在東帝汶的影響力日漸增強家庭主婦只識中國不知日本」,觀察者,2017年8月3日,<https://www.guancha.cn/Neighbors/2017_08_03_42 1290.shtml>\n曹家寧,「東帝汶」,中國一帶一路網,2019年6月21日,<https://www.yid aiyilu.gov.cn/gbjg/gbgk/10014.htm>\n陳正健,「印尼南海駐軍,嗆中不畏戰」,自由時報,2018年12月21日,<https:// news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1255624>\n陳佩修,「獨立又如何?東帝汶舉步維艱」,中央社,2012年9月17日,<https://www.cna.com.tw/topic/newsworld/22/201209170019.aspx>\n陳朋親,「『一帶一路』中國與東帝汶雙邊合作走深走實新機遇」,Plataforma,2019年8月2日,<https://www.plataformamedia.com/zh-tw/%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E/%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%B7%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E6%9D%B1%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E9%9B%99%E9%82%8A%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E8%B5%B0%E6%B7%B1%E8%B5%B0%E5%AF%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%A9%9F%E9%81%87-11174541.html>\n陳建甫,「東帝汶選舉啟示:不回應年輕世代是老牌政黨的危機」,上報,2017年7月27日,<https://www.upmedia.mg/news_info.php?SerialNo=21521>\n陳慧璋,「結束議會僵局東帝汶反對聯盟贏得多數席位」,早報,2018年5月28日,<https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/world/story20180528-862728>\n楊明娟,「東帝汶總統解散國會,提前大選」,中央廣播電臺,2018年1月26日,<https://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/392196>\n「經貿合作」,中華人民共和國駐東帝汶民主共和國大使館經濟商務參贊處,2012年7月6日,<http://tl.chineseembassy.org/chn/jmhz/t649221.htm>\n鈴木淳,「東帝汶:一個歡迎中國的地方」,日經中文網,2017年8月28日,<https://zh.cn.nikkei.com/politicsaeconomy/politicsasociety/26681-2017-08-28-04-53 -00.html>\n劉季清,「石油內需大增!中國企業瘋狂搶購海外能源公司」,鉅亨網,2013年11月4日,<https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/1898385>\n鄭勝得,「東帝汶的石油大夢」,工商時報,2018年10月28日,<https://www.china times.com/newspapers/20181028000371-260209?chdtv>\n「駐東帝汶大型中資企業名錄」,中華人民共和國駐東帝汶民主共和國大使館經濟商務參贊處,2015年8月1日,<http://easttimor.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ztdy/201508/20150801097363.shtml>\n諶悠文,「東帝汶把血淚變珍珠」,工商時報,2016年8月7日,<https://www.ch inatimes.com/newspapers/20160807000237-260209?chdtv>\n貳、英文\n一、專書\nAndrew J. Nathan, and Andrew Scobell, China’s Search for Security (NY: Columbia University Press, 2012)\nBrautigam, Deborah, The Dragon`s Gift: The Real Story of China in Africa (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)\nBrzeziński, Zbigniew Kazimierz, The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives 2nd (NY: Basic Books, 2016)\nEasterly, William, The White Man’s Burden: Why the West`s Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good (London: Penguin Books, 2007)\nMoyo, Dambisa, Dead Aid: Why Aid Is Not Working and How There is Another Way for Africa (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009)\nNavarro, Peter, The Coming China Wars: Where They Will Be Fought and How They Can Be Won (NJ: FT Press, 2008)\nNkrumah, Kwame, Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism (London: Thoma Nelson and Sons, 1965)\nRuane, Janet M., Essentials of Research Methods: A Guide to Social Science Research (Hoboken: Blackwell, 2004)\nVivien, Foster, William Butterfield, Chuan Chen, and Nataliya Pushak, Building Bridges: China’s Growing Role as Infrastructure Financier for Sub-Saharan Africa (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2008)\nWebster, David, FLOWERS IN THE WALL Truth and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste, Indonesia, and Melanesia (Alberta: University of Calgary Press, 2017)\n二、期刊論文\nBall, Desmond, “The Defence of East Timor: Australia’s Role”, Taiwanese Journal of Australian Studies, No.4. (December, 2004), pp. 1-36.\nBeuman, Lydia M., “President-Prime Minister Relations and Democratic Stability One Decade of Semi-Presidentialism in Post-Conflict Timor-Leste”, Taiwan Journal of Democracy, Vol.12, No.2 (December, 2016), pp. 85-104.\nBrown, Colin, “Indonesia, East Timor and Australia”, Taiwanese Journal of Australian Studies, No.4 (December, 2004), pp. 37-73.\nFraser, Malcolm, “Liberals and Australian Foreign Policy”, Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol.51, No.3 (September, 2005), pp. 332-345.\nHolslag, Jonathan, “China’s Road to Influence”, Asian Survey, Vol.50, No.4 (July/August, 2010), pp. 641-662.\nKevin, Gray and Barry K. Gills, “South-South cooperation and the rise of the Global South”, Third World Quarterly Third, Vol.37, No.4 (March, 2016), pp. 557-574.\nMesquita, Bruce Bueno de, and Alastair Smith, “A Political Economy of Aid,” International Organization, Vol.63, No.2 (Spring, 2009), pp. 309-340.\nMorgenthau, Hans, “A Political Theory of Foreign Aid”, The American Political Science Review, Vol.56, No.2 (June, 1962), pp. 301-309.\nMukonoweshuro, Eliphas G., “Japanese Commercial Interests in Contemporary Africa”, International Relations, Vol.10, No.3 (May, 1991), pp. 251-263.\nSahin, Selver B., “Timor-Leste`s Foreign Policy: Securing State Identity in the Post-Independence Period”, Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol.33, No.2 (August 1, 2014), pp. 3-25.\nSamy, Yiagadeesen, “China`s Aid Policies in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges”, The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs, Vol.99, No.406 (March, 2010), pp. 75-90.\nSato, Makoto, “Japanese Aid Diplomacy in Africa: An Historical Analysis”, Ritsumeikan Annual Review of International Studies, No.4 (2005), pp. 67-85.\nThayer, Carlyle A., “Australia - Indonesia Relations: The Case of East Timor”, Taiwanese Journal of Australian Studies, No.2 (January, 2001), pp. 153-178.\nWade, Robert, “Choking the South”, New Left Revview, No.38 (March/April, 2006), pp. 115-127.\n三、學位論文\nMartins, Joao Evangelista Tilman, Chinese Foreign Aid and Its Effects towards Southeast Asia Development: A case of Sino-East Timor Relations (MA thesis, University of Jilin, 2010)\nSoares, Laurentina Domingas Barreto, Foreign Aid for State-Building: A Comparative Study of Australian and Chinese Aid Programs in Timor-Leste (MA thesis, University of Ohio, 2011). pp. 105-106.\n四、專書中論文\nPing, Ai, “From Proletarian Internationalism to Mutual Development: China`s Cooperation with Tanzania, 1965-95”, In Goran Hyden, and Rwekaza Mukandala, eds, Agencies in Foreign Aid (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999)\nSoares, Dionísio da Costa Babo, “The future of Timor-Leste’s foreign policy”, In Anthony Bergin and Andrew Davies, eds, A reliable partner: Strengthening Australia - Timor-Leste relations (Canberra: The Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 2011)\n五、網路資料\n“Advanced Partnership towards Growth and Prosperity”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, March 15, 2016, <https://www.mofa.go.jp/s_sa/sea2/tp/page4e_000390. html>\nAbi-Habib, Maria, “How China Got Sri Lanka to Cough Up a Port”, The New York Times, June 25, 2018, <https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html>.\nBoyd, Alan, “Australia-Indonesia border tensions resurface”, ASIA TIMES, March 13, 2018, <https://www.asia-pacific-solidarity.net/southeastasia/easttimor/netnews/2 018/end03v17.htm#Australia-Indonesia%20border%20tensions%20resurface>\nCarvalho, Raquel, “Chinese Influence on Rise in East Timor? ‘Nonsense’, Says Former President José Ramos-Horta”, This Week In Asia, September 6, 2018, <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/2163107/chinese-influence-rise-east-timor-nonsense-says-former>\n“China is main option for investment in East Timor, says President Ramos-Horta”, Macauhub, April 15, 2011, <https://macauhub.com.mo/zh/2011/04/15/china-is-m ain-option-for-investment-in-east-timor-says-president-ramos-horta/>\n“China Media: Africa Ties”, BBC, May 5, 2014, <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-27281265>\nCook, Erin, “New Dawn on Greater Sunrise Energy Dispute”, ASIA TIMES, October 13,2017,<https://cms.ati.ms/2017/10/new-dawn-greater-sunrise-energy-dispute/>\nCortis, Jessica, “Australia should look in own backyard on China concerns: Ramos-Horta”, The Australian, August 30, 2019, <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/subs cribe/news/1/?sourceCode=TAWEB_WRE170_a&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnation%2Faustralia-should-look-in-own-backyard-on-c hina-concerns-ramoshorta%2Fnews-story%2F0c3d2ad091a2b9cd4ce52849f7357 a96&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium>\nCrispin, Shawn, “Timor-Leste Developing Closer Ties with China”, Asia Times, November 2, 2018, <https://cms.ati.ms/2018/11/will-timor-leste-become-chinas-next-debt-trap/>\nDamien, Kingsbury, “Timor-Leste Heading Towards Minority,but Stable, Government”, Deakin University, August 11, 2017, <https://blogs.deakin.edu.au/deakinspeaking/2017/08/11/timor-leste-heading-towards-minority-but-stable-government/>\nDodd, Mark, “China’s navy is making friends in Dili”, The Strategist - The Australian Strategic Policy Institute, October 23, 2019, <https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/chinas-navy-is-making-friends-in-dili/>\nDorling, Philip, “Chinese bid to set up East Timor spy base”, Sydney Morning Herald, May 10, 2011, <https://www.smh.com.au/technology/chinese-bid-to-set-up-east-timor-spy-base-20110509-1efwo.html>\nDupont, Alan, “Australia must not lose East Timor to China”, The Australian, July 2, 2019, <https://www.theaustralian.com.au/commentary/australia-must-not-lose-ea st-timor-to-china/news-story/acb248e8be68046a5e53644ad2920285>\nFickling, David, “This Tiny Nation Should Beware China`s Belt and Road”, Bloomberg, August 29, 2019, <https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-08-28/timor-leste-s-unaffordable-oil-and-gas-project-opens-china-trap>\nGaouette, Nicole, Elise Labott, James Griffiths, and Ben Westcott, “Pence attacks China on predatory trade, coercion and military aggression”, CNN, October 4, 2018, <https://www.wral.com/us-vice-president-pence-set-to-inflame-china-tensions-w e-will-not-be-intimidated-/17892043/>\nGoncalves, Ivo Mateus, “Timor Leste: Colonial past and neocolonial present”, The Jakarta Post, August 28, 2019, <https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2019 /08/28/timor-leste-colonial-past-and-neocolonial-present.html>\nGreene, Andrew, “Australian Warships Challenged by Chinese Military in South China Sea”, ABC, April 20, 2018, <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-20/south-chi na-sea-australian-warships-challenged-by-chinese/9677908.>\nHorta, Loro, “Timor-Leste and China: The Dragon’s Newest Friend”, RSIS, September 17, 2007, <https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsis-publication/rsis/980-timor-leste-and-chin a-the-dra/#.Xc-g1lczY2w>\n“Hillary Clinton in landmark East Timor visit”, BBC, September 6, 2012, <https://ww w.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19498433>\nHutt, David, “Is China’s Influence in Timor-Leste Rising?”, The Diplomat, November 19, 2016, <https://thediplomat.com/2016/11/is-chinas-influence-in-timor-leste-ris ing/>\nHutt, David, “Will Timor-Leste become China’s next debt trap?”, Asia Times, November 2, 2018, <http://www.atimes.com/article/will-timor-leste-become-chin as-next-debt-trap/?bclid=IwAR1HH0RQbMSsy8K77gNAHc5AubXlHdw>\n“Indian Ocean tsunami”, Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, December 19, 2014, <https://dfat.gov.au/news/news/Pages/indian-ocean-tsunami.aspx>\n“Indonesia-Timor Leste to Strengthen Industry Cooperation”, Cabinet Secretariat of The Republic of Indonesia, May 4, 2016, <https://setkab.go.id/en/indonesia-timor-leste-to-strengthen-industry-cooperation/>\n“Jose Ramos-Horta Warns Gas Dispute with Australia Risks Pushing East Timor Closer to China”, ABC, May 5, 2017, <https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-05-05/ramos-horta-china/8502370>\nLaksmana, Evan A., “Reinforcing Indonesia-Australia Defence Relations: The Case for Maritime Recalibration”, The Lowy Institute, October 2, 2018, <https://www.lowyinstitute.org/publications/reinforcing-indonesia-australia-defence-relations-case -maritime-recalibration-1>\nLarmer, Brook, “Is China the World’s New Colonial Power?”, The New York Times, May 2, 2017, <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/02/magazine/is-china-the-worl ds-new-colonial-power.html>\nLindsay, Skylar, “Tipping the balance: What’s at stake in Timor-Leste’s bid to join ASEAN?”, ASEAN Today, August 23, 2019, <https://www.aseantoday.com/2019 /08/tipping-the-balance-whats-at-stake-in-timor-lestes-bid-to-join-asean/>\n“Literacy Statistics Metadata Information Table”, UNESCO Institute for Statistics, November 19, 2015, <http://uis.unesco.org/>\nMahadzir, Dzirhan, “Anoa Prototype by Year End”, Asian Military Review, February 3, 2017, <https://asianmilitaryreview.com/2017/02/anoa-prototype-by-year-end/>\nMarthinus, Pierre, “See no China: Indonesia`s South China Sea policy”, The Jakarta Post, June 17, 2016, <https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2016/06/17/see-no-china-indonesias-south-china-sea-policy.html>\nMcDonald, Hamish, “Ruinous project in East Timor could open door to China”, The Sydney Morning Herald, December 18, 2018, <https://www.smh.com.au/world/as ia/ruinous-project-in-east-timor-could-open-door-to-china-20181217-p50mpk.ht ml>\nMulyanto, Randy, “Chinese migrants in East Timor long for home but say Dili is better for earning a living”, This Week In Asia, August 30, 2019, <https://www.scmp.co m/week-asia/economics/article/3024940/chinese-migrants-east-timor-long-home -say-dili-better-earning>\nMulyanto, Randy, and Meaghan Tobin, “US$16 billion ‘hoax’: reports of Chinese loan for East Timor gas project were politically motivated, says foreign minister”, This Week In Asia, August 23, 2019, <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/ar ticle/3023973/us16-billion-hoax-reports-chinese-loan-east-timor-gas-project>\nMurdoch, Lindsay, “Relations Strained As East Timor Buys Chinese Navy Boats”, The Sydney Morning Herald, June 7, 2010, <https://www.smh.com.au/world/relations-strained-as-east-timor-buys-chinese-navy-boats-20100606-xn5y.html>\nNairn Allan, “US Complicity in Timor”, The Nation, September 9, 1999, <https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/us-complicity-timor/>\nMaria Ortuoste, “Timor-Leste’s ASEAN membership limbo”, East Asia Forum, September 28, 2019, <https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/09/28/timor-lestes-ase an-membership-limbo/>\nRees, Edward, “A Decade After Independence, East Timor`s Surprising Best Friend? Indonesia”, The Christian Science Monitor, May 23, 2012, <https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2012/0523/A-decade-after-independence-East-Timo r-s-surprising-best-friend-Indonesia>\n“Report of the United Nations: Independent Special Commission of Inquiry for Timor-Leste”, United Nations Archives, October 2, 2006, <https://www.ohchr.org/Doc uments/Countries/COITimorLeste.pdf>\nSambhi, Natalie, “Finding Partners: Timor-Leste’s Evolving Security Ties with Southeast Asia”, New York Southeast Asia Network, May 12, 2019, <https://ww w.pellcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Sambhi-2019.pdf>\nSanusi, Lamido, “Africa must get real about Chinese ties”, Financial Times, March 12, 2013, <https://www.ft.com/content/562692b0-898c-11e2-ad3f-00144feabdc0>\nScott, Jason, “A $12 Billion Gas Project Could Make or Break This Young Nation”, Bloomberg, August 29, 2019, <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-08-28/timor-leste-gas-development-in-middle-of-u-s-china-competition>\nSilva, Avelino Coelho da, “EAST TIMOR: The people are paying the price”, Green Left Weekly, July 19, 2006, <https://www.greenleft.org.au/content/east-timor-people-are-paying-price>\nSinclair, Hannah, “Morrison Promises to Revamp Timor-Leste Military Base, Upgrade Internet Speed”, SBS News, August 30,2019,<https://www.sbs.com.au/new s/mo rrison-promises-to-revamp-timor-leste-military-base-upgrade-internet-speed>\nSoriano, Andrea, “Is Chinese influence in Timor-Leste cause for concern?”, The Australian National University, March 5, 2019, <https://nsc.crawford.anu.edu. au/department-news/14169/chinese-influence-timor-leste-cause-concern>\n“Timor Leste to Purchase Weapons from Indonesia”, The Jakarta Post, February 11, 2014, <https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/02/11/timor-leste-purchase-w eapons-indonesia.html.>\n“Timor-Leste and Indonesia to Strengthen Ties”, The Economist, February 2nd, 2018, <http://country.eiu.com/article.aspx?articleid=776377861&Country=TimorLeste&topic=Politics&subtopic=Forecast&subsubtopic=International+relations>\n“Timor-Leste”, The Observatory of Economic Complexity, December 10, 2018, <https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tls/>\nTobin, Meaghan, “As US and China compete in the Indo-Pacific, Australia pledges to boost East Timor naval base”, This Week In Asia, August 30, 2019, <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/3024957/us-and-china-compete-indo-pac ific-australia-seeks-better>\nTobin, Meaghan, “Chinese cash: enough to keep East Timor out of Asean?”, This Week In Asia, August 3, 2019, <https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/30 21219/chinese-cash-enough-keep-east-timor-out-asean>\nTobin, Meaghan, “East Timor wants to tap oil and gas near Australia, so why is it courting China?”, This Week In Asia, August 3, 2019, <https://www.scmp.com/ week-asia/geopolitics/article/3021223/east-timor-wants-tap-oil-and-gas-near-aust ralia-so-why-it>\n“US `knew about Jakarta-backed militias` in E. Timor”, Bangkok Post, August 30,2019, <https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1739711/us-knew-about-jakarta-backed-militias-in-e-timor>\n“World Population Prospects”, World Population Review, March 29, 2019, <http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/>
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
東亞研究所
105260008
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0105260008
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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