Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/128956
題名: ISIS崛起對美俄在敘利亞競合之研究
Study on the rise of ISIS in relation to U.S.-Russia co-competition
作者: 張育璇
Chang, Yu-Hsuan
貢獻者: 連弘宜
Lien, Hung-Yi
張育璇
Chang, Yu-Hsuan
關鍵詞: 敘利亞
美國
俄羅斯
伊斯蘭國
Syria
the U.S.
Russia
ISIS
日期: 2019
上傳時間: 2-Mar-2020
摘要: 2011年敘利亞國內發生了反政府的示威活動,國內陷入一片混亂。在7月份時有七位敘利亞的政府軍官變節成立了「敘利亞自由軍」 (Free Syria Army, FSA) 的反政府武裝組織,加上外國勢力的干預,揭開了長達約8年的內戰。美國與俄羅斯在敘利亞的內戰中扮演了重要的參與角色,雙方也有各自的盟軍、各自的陣營,互相在敘利亞的事務上爭奪地緣政治利益。\n\n當恐怖組織ISIS在2014年迅速崛起、發展、擴張後,讓整個原本形勢就很複雜的敘利亞局勢又加入了一個更複雜的因子,也影響了美、俄在敘利亞的對峙。\n\n透過比較ISIS崛起前後,美、俄兩方的戰略、競合變化,以了解雙方在敘利亞棋局中的勢力消長。
In 2011, anti-government demonstrations occurred in Syria which made the country chaotic. Afterwards, 7 government army officers emerged to found “Free Syria Army” (FSA), an anti-government force, then the eight-years-civil-war began. The U.S. and Russia played important roles in the Syria civil war, and both had their own allies to scramble for geopolitical interests.\n\nWhen the terror organization ISIS suddenly rose and expanded into power in 2014, it not only complicated the Syrian circumstance, but also affected the confrontation between U.S. and Russia in Syria.\n\nWhen comparing the changes to the U.S. and Russia’s strategies after ISIS rose, we can see how the power in Syrian Chessboard has changed.
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Sachs, “Trump’s Syria Withdrawal is a Chance for Peace”, Project Syndicate, January 2, 2019,\nhttps://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/trump-syria-withdrawal-chance-for-peace-by-jeffrey-d- sachs-2019-01?barrier=accesspaylog , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nHumud, Carla E., Christopher M. Blanchard and Mary Beth D. Nikitin, “Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response”, Congressional Research Service, 28, September, 2016,\nhttps://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33487.pdf , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nHassan, Hassan, “Out of dessert, ISIS’s strategy of long war”, Middle East Institute, 6, September,\n2018,\nhttps://www.mei.edu/publications/out-desert-isiss-strategy-long-war , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nJoshua Landis,“Free Syrian Army Founded by Seven Officers to Fight the Syrian Army”, Syria Comment, 29, July, 2011,\nhttps://www.joshualandis.com/blog/free-syrian-army-established-to-fight-the-syrian-army/ , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nLela Gilbert, “Book Review: After ISIS by Seth Frantzman”, perspective papers of BESA center, 18,\nDecember, 2019,\nhttps://besacenter.org/topics/isis/#.Xgq2O1Uzapo , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nNelson, Michael , “Barack Obama: Forgien Affairs”, Miller Center, 2019,\nhttps://millercenter.org/president/obama/foreign-affairs , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nOlga, Khazan, “ 3 reasons not to get excited about syria`s agreement on chemical weapon “, The\nAtlantic, 10 September 2013,\nhttps://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/09/3-reasons-not-to-get-excited-about-syrias-agreement-on-chemical-weapons/279543/ , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nWhite, Jeffery, “Assad’s armed opposition: The Free Syrian Army”, policy analysis of Washington Institute, November 30, 2011,\nhttps://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/asads-armed-opposition-the-free-syrian-army , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\nWhite, Jeffery, “Assad’s armed opposition: The Free Syrian Army”, policy analysis of Washington\nInstitute, November 30, 2011. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/asads-armed-opposition-the-free-syrian-army , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\n“ Report: ISIS Has At Least 46,000 Twitter Followers.”, Wilson Center, 6, March, 2015,\nhttps://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/report-isis-has-least-46000-twitter-followers , the last review:\n2019/12/29\n\nSimcox, Robin, “Did Trump Really Beat ISIS?”, The Heritage Foundation, 29, January, 2018,\nhttps://www.heritage.org/middle-east/commentary/did-trump-really-beat-isis , the last review:\n2019/12/29\n\n“Syria: Next on the list? A wave of unrest has finally reached one of the region`s most repressive regimes.”, The Economist, March 24, 2011,\nhttps://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2011/03/24/next-on-the-list?story_id=18446885 , the last review: 2019/12/29\n\n“Timeline: the Rise, Spread, and Fall of the Islamic State”, Wilson Center, 30, April, 2019,\nhttps://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/timeline-the-rise-spread-and-fall-the-islamic-state, the last\nreview: 2019/12/29\n\n\n三、政府、國際組織官方網站\n(一) 中文部分\n「阿拉伯敘利亞共和國問題獨立國際調查委員會」,聯合國人權理事會官網(中文版),https://www.ohchr.org/CH/HRBodies/HRC/IICISyria/Pages/IndependentInternationalCommission.aspx,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「第66屆會議文件」,聯合國大會官網(中文版),\nhttp://www.un.org/zh/ga/66/docs/index.shtml,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「第66屆聯大通過有關敘利亞問題的新決議」,聯合國官網(中文版),2012年8月3日,\nhttps://news.un.org/zh/story/2012/08/17789,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「人權理事會將就敘利亞人權狀況舉行特别會議」,聯合國官網(中文版),2011年4月2\n日,\nhttps://news.un.org/zh/story/2011/04/150932,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「人權理事會通過決議譴責敘利亞暴力並延長獨立調查委員會任期」,聯合國官網(中文版),2012年3月23日:\nhttps://news.un.org/zh/story/2012/03/170502,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「人權理事會再次通過決議遣責敘利亞侵犯人權行為」,聯合國官網(中文版),2012年7\n月6日:\nhttps://news.un.org/zh/story/2012/07/176432,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「2020年前俄羅斯聯邦國家安全戰略」,俄羅聯邦外交部官網(中文版),\nhttp://cn.mid.ru/foreign_policy/founding_document/303,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n(二) 英文部分\n“About 1800 civilians are among the nearly 4650 killed by Russian air and missile strikes in Syria”,\nSOHR, 18, March, 2016,\nhttp://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=45197 , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nApproved by President of the Russian Federation V. Putin,“Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian\nFederation” , The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 12 February 2013.\nhttp://www.mid.ru/en/foreign_policy/official_documents/-/asset_publisher/CptICkB6BZ29/content/id2542248 , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n“Country Reports on Terrorism 2014”, U.S. Department of State, 19, June, 2015,\nhttps://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2014/ , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n“Country Reports on Terrorism 2015”, U.S. Department of State, 2, June, 2016, https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2015//index.htm , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n“Country Reports on Terrorism 2016”, U.S. Department of State, 19, July, 2017,\nhttps://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2016/ , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nDepartment of Homeland Security,” Remarks by Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson at the Woodrow Wilson Center”, DHS official news archive, 7, February, 2014,\nhttps://www.dhs.gov/news/2014/02/07/remarks-secretary-homeland-security-jeh-johnson-woodrow-wilson-center , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n“OPCW: All Category 1 Chemicals Declared by Syria Now Destroyed”, OPCW , 28 August 2014:\nhttps://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2014/08/opcw-all-category-1-chemicals-declared-syria-now-destroyed , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nPress Releases, “Joint Statement Issued by Partners at the Counter-ISIL Coalition Ministerial Meeting, U.S. Department of State, 3, December, 2014\nhttps://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/12/234627.htm , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n“Roundtable Discussion on the Middle East Issues: Activities of the White Helmets Organization in Syria”, UN web TV, 20, December, 2018,\nhttp://webtv.un.org/www.unwomen.org/en/news/watch/roundtable-discussion-on-the-middle-east-issues-activities-of-the-white-helmets-organization-in-syria/5982221816001/?term=&page=18 , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nThe White House Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President Obama at NATO summit press conference”, The White House, 5, September, 2014,\nhttps://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/05/remarks-president-obama-nato-summit-press-conference , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nThe White House Office of the Press Secretary , “Strategy to Counter the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)”, TheWhite House, 10, September, 2014,\nhttps://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/10/fact-sheet-strategy-counter-islamic-state-iraq-and-levant-isil , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n“SYRIA 2014 International Religious Freedom Report”, state.gov. U.S. Department of State, 2014,\nhttps://www.state.gov/documents/organization/238690.pdf , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nSecurity Council,” Letter dated 19 May 2015 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267(1999) and 1989 (2011) concerning Al-Qaida and associated individuals and entitiesaddressed to the President of the Security Council”, UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL, S/2015/358(Monitoring Team`s report on foreign terrorist fighters), 19, May, 2015,\nhttps://www.undocs.org/S/2015/358 , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\nSecurity Council, “Security Council Unanimously Adopts Resolution 2254 (2015), Endorsing Road Map for Peace Process in Syria, Setting Timetable for Talks”, UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL, S/RES/2254 (2015) 18, December, 2015,\nhttps://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sc12171.doc.htm , the last review: 2019/12/28\n\n四、新聞媒體\n(一) 中文部分\n「2016年,敘利亞內戰五週年」,Global Voice,2016年6月20日,\nhttps://zht.globalvoices.org/specialcoverage/2016%E5%B9%B43%E6%9C%8815%E6%97%A5%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E5%B0%88%E6%AC%84%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%BA%94%E9%80%B1%E5%B9%B4/,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「美英法等國明確表態要求阿薩德下台」,BBC中文,2011年8月18日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2011/08/110818_syria_world_leaders,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「敘利亞衝突:中俄否決聯合國制裁議案」,BBC中文,2017年3月1日,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-39124329,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄中否決安理會譴責敘利亞決議案」,BBC中文,2012年2月4日,https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2012/02/120204_syria_resolution_veto,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄羅斯:證據顯示敘利亞叛軍使用化武」,BBC中文,2013年9月18日:\nhttps://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2013/09/130918_syria_russia_chemical_weapon,最後\n查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「美國女子用比特幣為『伊斯蘭國』組織輸送資金」,BBC中文,2017年12月25日:\nhttp://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-42363941,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「敘利亞日內瓦和談結束 未取得任何成果」,BBC中文,2014年2月15日,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2014/02/140215_syria_talk_fail,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n「美英法攻擊敘利亞給朝鮮問題提供什麼借鑒」,BBC中文,2018年4月15日,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-43772141,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\nJonathan Marcus,「國際縱橫:俄軍在敘行動一週年 普京收益如何?」,BBC中文,2016年10\n月1日,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2016/10/161001_outlook_russia_syria#_=_,最後查\n閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「敘利亞戰爭」,BBC中文,2015年12月19日:\nhttps://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/12/151219_syria_united_nations_resolution,最\n後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄政府聲稱已炸死IS首腦巴格達迪 美國軍方仍抱持懷疑」,ET Today新聞雲,2017年6月\n17日,\nhttps://www.ettoday.net/news/20170617/946872.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄空襲炸死伊斯蘭國4高官 包括在美受訓IS戰爭部長」,ET Today新聞雲,2017年9月9\n日,\nhttps://www.ettoday.net/news/20170909/1007400.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n「IS已被軍事終結! 伊朗+伊拉克領導人一同發聲證實」,ET Today新聞雲,2017年11月22 日,\nhttps://www.ettoday.net/news/20171122/1057338.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n柯沛辰,「川普大事情揭曉:『禽獸』IS領袖被軍犬追 哭喊帶3孩陪葬自爆」,ET Today 新聞雲,2019年10月27日,\nhttps://www.ettoday.net/news/20191027/1566526.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n覃博雅、肖紅,「普京稱俄在敘軍事行動花費約4.8億美元」,人民網,2016年3月18日,http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0318/c1002-28209213.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n劉如穎,「戰地天使攏系假?白頭盔成員遭爆料 玩屍體、勾結恐怖組織」,三立新聞網,2017年6月25日,\nwww.setn.com/News.aspx?NewsID=266105,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n田文林,「顏色革命之禍1\\顏色革命禍亂中東\\中國現代國際關係研究院研究員\\田文林」,大公報,2019年8月27日,\n  http://www.takungpao.com.hk/news/232111/2019/0827/341469.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n聯大人權理事會通過譴責敘利亞決議」,大紀元,2011年11月23日:\nhttp://www.epochtimes.com/b5/11/11/23/n3437807.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「UN人權理事會通過決議譴責敘利亞」,大紀元,2012年3月3日:http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/12/3/3/n3529318.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「敘化武襲擊 為何被西方視為跨越『紅線』」,大紀元,2018年4月13日:\nhttp://www.epochtimes.com/b5/18/4/12/n10299122.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「聯合國五大國討論敘化武決議 現嚴重分歧」,大紀元,2013年9月18日:\nhttp://www.epochtimes.com/b5/13/9/18/n3966444.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「獲美支持敘聯軍遭俄戰機誤襲 死傷不明」,大紀元,2017年3月2日,\nhttps://hk.epochtimes.com/news/2017-03-02/%E7%8D%B2%E7%BE%8E%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E6%95%98%E8%81%AF%E8%BB%8D%E9%81%AD%E4%BF%84%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E8%AA%A4%E8%A5%B2-%E6%AD%BB%E5%82%B7%E4%B8%8D%E6%98%8E-77305666,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「美國支持的敘利亞民主力量:ISIS徹底瓦解」,大紀元,2019年3月24日,\nhttps://hk.epochtimes.com/news/2019-03-24/35184513,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「以史為鏡|西方鼓吹『顏色革命』 中東承受惡果」,巴士的報BASTILL POST,2019年07月2日,  \nhttps://www.bastillepost.com/hongkong/article/4773835-%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%B2%E7%82% BA%E9%8F%A1%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E9%BC%93%E5%90%B9%E3%80%8C%E9%A1%8F%E8%89%B2%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E3%80%8D-%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1%E6%89%BF%E5%8F%97%E6%83%A1%E6%9E%9C?current_cat=157277 ,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n張翠容,「庫德族悲歌—難以擺脫的歷史與地緣政治糾纏」,民報,2019年11月7日,\nhttps://www.peoplenews.tw/news/268bb392-467a-4536-9062-2924e7e8d38a,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n「美國飛彈報復有原因 敘化武攻擊非首次」,中央廣播電台,2018年4月14日,\nhttps://www-static-cdn.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/405422/collectionId/640,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n李協芳,「200名美軍續留敘利亞 川普:撤軍計劃未大轉彎」,中央廣播電台,2019年2月23\n日,\nhttps://www.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2012346,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「捍衛敘利亞撤軍決定 川普:美國不再當世界警察」,中央通訊社,2018年12月27日,\nhttps://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201812270026.aspx,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「川普下令撤軍敘利亞 美國兩大黨議員罕見齊開罵」,中央通訊社,2019年10月8日,https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201910080294.aspx,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄羅斯官方痛斥美國發言人對俄發出威脅」,中新網,2016年9月31日,\nhttp://www.chinanews.com/gj/2016/09-30/8019655.shtml,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n蔡致仁,「阿塞德與IS 交戰兼買賣石油」,中時電子報,2015年12月12日,https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20151212000370-260108?chdtv,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n蔡萱,「昔狠批歐巴馬『6宗罪』 川普上任90天全做盡」,中時電子報,2017年4月18日,\nhttps://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20170418004471-260408?chdtv,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n呂承哲,「中美貿易戰別看笑話! 學者:照川普性格…台灣慘了」,中時電子報,2019年1月\n21日,\nhttps://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190121001837-260410?chdtv ,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n吳映璠,「川普遭爆撤軍後無計畫!這國恐撐不起美勢力」,中時電子報,2019年1月21日,\nhttps://www.chinatimes.com/realtimenews/20190121002579-260408?chdtv,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n王嘉源 、張嘉浩,「政策矛盾 助長IS崛起 假藉民主更迭政權 美留一堆爛攤子」,中國時報,\n2016年4月12日,\nhttps://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20160412000421-260501?chdtv,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n大衛.沙曼,「ISIS用遊戲和社交媒體拉攏年輕人」,以色列時報,2014年9月22日:\nhttps://www.timesofisrael.com/isis%E7%94%A8%E6%B8%B8%E6%88%8F%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%A4%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%A2%E5%B9%B4%E8%BD%BB%E4%BA%BA/,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n古莉,「敘利亞日內瓦第7輪和談啟動」,世界之聲,2017年10月7日,\nhttp://trad.cn.rfi.fr/%E4%B8%AD%E6%9D%B1/20170710-%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%97%A5%E5%85%A7%E7%93%A6%E7%AC%AC7%E8%BC%AA%E5%92%8C%E8%AB%87%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「美俄妥協 安理會罕見通過制裁ISIS決議」,多維新聞,2015年12月18日,http://news.dwnews.com/global/big5/news/2015-12-18/59704319.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n魏國金,「俄國斡旋成功 敘同意交出化武」,自由時報,2013年9月11日。\nhttps://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/712779,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n李信漢,「俄潛艦射巡弋飛彈轟炸IS」,自由時報,2015年12月10日,\nhttp://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/939312,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「遭聯軍切斷後路 ISIS四面楚歌」,自由時報,2017年7月1日,\nhttps://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/2117775,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄軍轟炸敘利亞 美國:打的不是IS」,自由時報,2015年9月30日,\nhttps://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/1461440,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「搞錯地方了? 俄羅斯戰機誤炸美軍基地」,自由時報,2016年7月23日,https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/breakingnews/1772152,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「美國找到空襲門路 ISIS石油收入遭重創」,每日頭條,2016年7月29日,\nhttps://kknews.cc/zh-tw/world/xvrozo.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n段九州、陳琪,「從『誤炸』事件透視美國的敘利亞政策」,每日頭條,2016年10月8日,https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/world/exjzay.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄媒:土耳其政變未遂多虧俄羅斯事前通風報信」,每日頭條,2016年7月22日,https://kknews.cc/zh-tw/world/pq6v8p.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n夏至點,「『伊斯蘭國』 ISIS是怎麼被美國打敗的?」,每日頭條,2018年2月1日,\nhttps://kknews.cc/zh-tw/world/mevnl4z.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「伊朗 伊拉克齊公布 指軍事上已剿滅ISIS」,香港01,2017年11月22日https://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/135434/%E4%BC%A%E6%9C%97%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E9%BD%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%B8%83%E6%8C%87%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%B2%E5%89%BF%E6%BB%85isis,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n毛詠琪,「【土耳其政變】 美國據引渡居倫 促使土耳其親俄遠美」,香港01,2016年7月1日,\nhttps://www.hk01.com/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/32047/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E6%94%BF%E8%AE%8A-%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%8B%92%E5%BC%95%E6%B8%A1%E5%B1%85%E5%80%AB-%E4%BF%83%E4%BD%BF%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E8%A6%AA%E4%BF%84%E9%81%A0%E7%BE%8E,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n李祉慧,「俄羅斯首借伊朗基地空襲伊斯蘭國 凸顯介入中東事務野心」,風傳媒,2016年8月\n19日,\nhttps://www.storm.mg/article/156094,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「伊斯蘭國徹底「亡國」了?俄羅斯宣稱敘利亞已脫離IS掌控 美國卻說:話說太早」,風傳\n媒,2017年12月8日,\nhttps://www.storm.mg/article/369498,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n李忠謙,「化武攻擊事件為何讓國際社會憤怒?」,風傳媒,2015年3月15日:\nhttps://www.storm.mg/article/43807,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n李忠謙,「敘利亞反抗軍被炸 歐巴馬:俄國出兵根本是災難之源」,風傳媒,2015年10月3\n日,\nhttps://www.storm.mg/article/68137,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n李忠謙,「【中英全文對照】美國應當尊重盟邦、提防中俄,您不贊同就另請高明吧:川普虎臣\n的辭職信」,風傳媒,2018年12月21日,\nhttps://www.storm.mg/article/735957,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n方君竹,「聯合國車隊在敘利亞被炸》美:就是俄國戰機幹的!俄:美國在轉移誤炸點」,風傳媒,2016年9月21日,\nhttps://today.line.me/tw/pc/article/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8A%E9%9A%8A%E5%9C%A8%E6%95%98%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E8%A2%AB%E7%82%B8%E3%80%8B%E7%BE%8E%EF%BC%9A%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E4%BF%84%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E6%A9%9F%E5%B9%B9%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%81%E4%BF%84%EF%BC%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%A8%E8%BD%89%E7%A7%BB%E8%AA%A4%E7%82%B8%E7%84%A6%E9%BB%9E-8f818d2306b68f147a497026995b81298f1f147dd8711f711ebd9d853c3e6889,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n魏嘉瑀,「川普上任2周年》擁抱強人、拋棄盟友、放空民主人權……川普外交政策成形,全\n球準備接招!」,風傳媒,2019年,1月20日,\nhttps://www.storm.mg/article/845206,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n閻紀宇,「敘利亞撤軍危機》川普為政策辯護:美國不再充當「中東警察」伊斯蘭國是別人的\n事」,風傳媒,2018年12月21日, https://www.storm.mg/article/734510?fbclid=IwAR37vpXuUzMFekwPbE2uhNrZocMfE42Wwm4MaKXvyEcB4gDZRUhgLJzfK6M,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\nBaranrd, Anne and Somini Segupta,「美國轉變敘利亞政策,不再堅持阿薩德下台」,紐約時報\n中文網,2015年1月20日,\nhttps://cn.nytimes.com/world/20150120/c20syria/zh-hant/,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\nHaberman, Maggie and Nick Corasaniti,「川普:歐巴馬和希拉蕊是ISIS的創建者」,紐約時報\n中文網,2016年8月12日,\nhttps://cn.nytimes.com/world/20160812/donald-trump-obama-isis/zh-hant/ ,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\nMichael Wolgelenter,「關於美英法空襲敘利亞,你需要了解的七大問題」,紐約時報中文網,\n2018年4月6日,\nhttps://cn.nytimes.com/world/20180416/syria-russia-united-states-airstrikes/zh-hant/ ,最後查閱時\n間:2020/1/6\n\nThrush, Glenn,「川普稱自己有『絕對權利』與俄分享情報」,紐約時報中文網,2017年5\n月17日,\nhttps://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20170517/trump-intelligence-russia-classified/zh-hant/,最後查閱時間:\n2020/1/6\n\n「中俄否決安理會對敘利亞制裁議案」,紐約時報中文網,2012年7月20日,\nhttps://cn.nytimes.com/china/20120720/c20nations/zh-hant/,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「『大中東計畫』困擾阿拉伯世界,」華夏經緯網,2004年5月31日,\nhttp://big5.huaxia.com/js/jsgc/00207004.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「中俄否決聯合國譴責敘利亞決議 美國表示憤怒」,新唐人電視台,2011年10月5日,\nhttp://ca.ntdtv.com/xtr/b5/2011/10/05/a598483.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n謝心潔、王明宇,「十大國際新聞之七:敘利亞化武攻擊 引爆國際外交角力」,新唐人電視\n台,2013年2月28日:\nhttps://www.ntdtv.com/b5/2013/12/28/a1032457.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「白宮宣布從敘利亞撤軍 川普:美國已做夠多」,新唐人電視台,2019年10月8日,\nhttps://www.ntdtv.com/b5/2019/10/07/a102681063.html,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n洪翠蓮,「美俄關係急速惡化 敍利亞停火協議喊卡」,新頭殼,2016年10月4日,\nhttps://newtalk.tw/news/view/2016-10-04/77818,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「俄認炸敘目標不限IS 空襲或擴至伊拉克 暗戰變國際衝突」,鉅亨新聞,2015年10月2 日,\nhttps://news.cnyes.com/news/id/246121,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「聯軍炸死90敘政府軍 俄轟美暗助ISIS 停火協議恐難產」,鉅亨新聞,2016年9月19日,https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/3544543,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「〈分析〉全球合力反恐 ISIS難逃衰落」,鉅亨網新聞,2015年12月23日, https://news.cnyes.com/news/id/402933?fbclid=IwAR1t_zwseHj2sT0hqdNHvcyxrUA7Ng8W4-sVkz47zTTzgvnAhKqB35uFA,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n「歐巴馬:終結敘利亞內戰或政治和解 阿薩德必須下台」,鉅亨網新聞,2015年11月2日,\nhttps://news.cnyes.com/news/id/398741,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n田思怡,「川普獅子大開口 『向美駐軍國 另收50%費用』」,聯合新聞網,2019年3月9日,\nhttps://udn.com/news/story/11314/3687040,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n袁源,「阿盟宣布與敘利亞斷交」,國際金融報,2012年7月24日,http://paper.people.com.cn/gjjrb/html/2012-07/24/content_1086478.htm,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n劉瑞芬,「愛上提著人頭的IS戰士」,鏡週刊,2017年5月3日,https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20170503int_fbi_loves_terrorist/,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n王世純,「敘軍聲稱找到白頭盔虛假化武襲擊拍攝地點」,觀察者,2018年4月11日,\nhttps://www.guancha.cn/military-affairs/2018_04_11_453368_s.shtml ,最後查閱時間:2020/1/6\n\n(二)英文部分\n“Alissa De Carbonnel,“Russia, France at loggerheads over Syria report”, Mail & Guardian, 17 September 2013,\nhttps://mg.co.za/article/2013-09-17-russia-france-at-loggerheads-over-syria-finding , the last\nreview: 2020/1/4\n\nBaker, Peter and Jonathan Weisman, “Obama Seeks Approval by Congress for Strike in Syria.”, The\nNew York Times, 31 August 2013:\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/01/world/middleeast/syria.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nBorger, Julain and Nick Hopkins,”West training Syrian rebels in Jordan” The Guardian, March 8, 2013,\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/mar/08/west-training-syrian-rebels-jordan , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nBroomield, Matt, “Twitter Shouts Down 125,000 ISIS Linked Accounts.”, IDEPENDENT, 6, February, 2016:\nhttps://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/125000-isis-linked-accounts-suspended-by-twitter-a6857371.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Barack Obama`s victory speech: Full text”, The Telegragh, November 5. 2018,\nhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/3383581/Barack-Obamas-victory-speech-Full-text.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Breaking: Chemical Weapons Attack in Latamneh, Hama Injures 70”, reliefweb, 30, March, 2017,\nhttps://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/breaking-chemical-weapons-attack-latamneh-hama-injures-70 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nCNN Library, “ISIS Fast Facts”, CNN News, 1, May, 2019 data updated,\nhttps://edition.cnn.com/2014/08/08/world/isis-fast-facts/index.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nCalderwood, Imogen, “`This is for Paris`: Russian pilots write messages of support for terror victims on their bombs before launching latest air raids and cruise missile strikes against ISIS”, Mail Online, 20, November, 2015,\nhttps://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3327456/Russia-unleashes-cruise-missiles-Caspian-Sea-tagets-Syria-steps-bombing-campaign.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nDiamond, Jeremy, “Trump: Let Putin fight ISIS in Syria”, CNN, 28, September, 2015,\nhttps://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/27/politics/donald-trump-isis-syria-russia-60-minutes/index.\nhtml , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nDiamond, Jeremy, “Trump: Let Putin fight ISIS in Syria”, CNN, 28, September, 2015,\nhttps://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/27/politics/donald-trump-isis-syria-russia-60-minutes/index.\nhtml , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nDilanian, Ken and Kevin Monahan, “Obama Nixed CIA Plan That Could Have Stopped ISIS: Officials”, NBC News, April 2, 2016,\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/obama-nixed-cia-plan-could-have-stopped-isis-officials-n549111 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nDearden, Lizzie, “Al-Qaeda leader denounces Isis `madness and lies` as two terrorist groups compete for dominance”, IDEPENDENT, 13 January, 2017: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/al-qaeda-leader-ayman-al-\nzawahir i-isis-madness-lies-extremism- islamic-state-terrorist-groups-compete-a7526271.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nGoldenberg, Ilan and Nicholas A. Heras, “Obama’s ISIS policy is working for Trump”, The Washington Post, 25, January, 2018,\nhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/posteverything/wp/2018/01/25/obamas-isis-policy-is-working-for-trump/?arc404=true&fbclid=IwAR3sPUi-p-N7iX5RKNldnRBE7SzbQ8L7KMOXbXeDY02PJMxrGlw5ON8P7QI , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nHase, Tobias, “ISIS supporters turning into Instagram ‘stories’to share propaganda-study.RT.”, RT , 20, September, 2017,\nhttps://www.rt.com/usa/404011-isis-instagram-stories-propaganda/ , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Iraq: US air strike on Islamic State militants in Iraq”, BBC, 4, August, 2014,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-28709530 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Islamic State conflict: 10,000 militants killed in nine months – US”, BBC, 3, June, 2015,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-32990299, the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“John Kerry statement on US intervention in Syria – full text”, The Guardian, 30 August 2013,\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/30/john-kerry-statement-us-intervention-syria\n“James Mattis` resignation letter in full”, BBC, 21, December, 2018,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46644841, the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nKhazan, Olga, “ 3 reasons not to get excited about syria`s agreement on chemical weapon “, The\nAtlantic, 10 September 2013,\nhttps://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/09/3-reasons-not-to-get-excited-about-syrias-agreement-on-chemical-weapons/279543/, the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nKarouny, Mariam and Ayla Jean Yackley, “Air strikes said to hit Islamic State oil refineries in Syria”, REUTERS, 28, September, 2014,\nhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis/air-strikes-said-to-hit-islamic-state\n-oil-refineries-in-syria-idUSKCN0HN0G O20140928 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nKyle Atwood, “U.S. freezes funding for Syria`s &quot;White Helmets&quot;”, CBS news, 30, May, 2018, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/u-s-freezes-funding-for-syrias-white-helmets/, the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nLichfield, John, &quot;Syria crisis: Regime has given Russia `proof` of rebel chemical weapon use&quot;, The Independent, 17 September 2013,\nhttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/syria-crisis-regime-has-given\n-russia-proof-of-rebel-chemical-weapon-use- 8822185.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nLevs, Josh, “What`s the evidence of Syrian chemical weapons attack?”, CNN, 4 September 2013,\nhttps://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/04/world/syria-us-evidence-chemical-weapons-attack/index\n.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nMcKirdy, Euan “8 times Russia blocked a UN Security Council resolution on Syria”,CNN, 13, April 2017,\nhttps://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/13/middleeast/russia-unsc-syria-resolutions/index.html , the\nlast review: 2020/1/4\nMyre, Greg “U.S., Russia Working On A Plan To Coordinate Bombing In Syria”, NPR, 14, July, 2016, https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/07/14/486005012/u-s-russia-working-on-a-plan-to-coordinate-bombing-in-syria , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nMeyer, Henry, Brad Cook and Ilya Arkhipov,&quot;Russia Warns U.S., NATO Against Military Aid to Syria Protests After Libya&quot;, Bloomberg, 2 June 2011,\nhttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-06-01/russia-warns-u-s-nato-against-militar\ny-aid- to-syria-protests-after-libya , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nMarcus, Jonathan, “Syria conflict: Trump troop pullout raises questions”, BBC, 19, December, 2018,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-46626115 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nOmar, Ammr Cheikh, Richard Engel and Aggelos Petropoulos, “Smuggler of Stolen Artifacts From\nPalmyra Speaks Out About ISIS` Illicit Operation”, NBC News, April 7, 2016,\nhttps://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/smuggler-stolen-artifacts-palmyra-speaks-out-about-isis-illicit-operation-n551806 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nObama administration, “Barack Obama`s TV address on Isis: full text”, The Guardian, 11,\nSeptember, 2014,\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/11/barack-obama-tv-speech-on-isis-full-text ,\nthe last review: 2020/1/4\n\nOliphant, Roland, “US intelligence on Syria gas attack `unconvincing`, says Russia”, The\nTelegraph, 2 September 2013,\nhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/10280017/US-intelligence-on-Syria-gas-attack-unconvincing-says-Russia.html , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nPutin, Vladimir, “A Plea for Caution From Russia”, New York Times, 11 September 2013,\nhttps://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.\nhtml , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Russian missiles ‘hit IS from Caspain Sea’ ”, BBC, 7, October, 2015,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34465425 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nStewart, Phil and Tom Perry, “U.S. and Arab allies launch first strikes on militants in Syria”, BBC, 23 September, 2014,\nhttps://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-usa-strikes/u-s-and-arab-allies-launch-first-strikes-on- militants-in-syria-idUSKCN0HI03A2014092 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Syria chemical attack: What we know”, BBC, 24 September 2013:\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23927399 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Syria: US begins air strikes on Islamic State targets”, BBC, 23, September, 2019,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29321136 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Syria conflict: Russia`s Putin orders `main part` of forces out”, BBC, 14, March, 2016,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35807689 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Syrian crisis: Russia air strikes `strengthen IS`”, BBC, 2, October, 2015,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-34431027 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Syria chemical `attack`: Russia faces fury at UN Security Council”, CNN, 5, April, 2017,\nhttps://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-39500319 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“Syria: Trump tweets `Mission Accomplished` after Western forces launch air strikes in response to chemical weapons attack”, ABC News, 15, April, 2018,\nhttps://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-14/us-to-strike-syria-in-response-to-chemical-weapons-attack/9658900 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nSolomon, Jay And Nour Malas , “U.S. Bolsters Ties to Fighters in Syria”, The Wall Street Journal, June 13, 2012.\nhttps://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303410404577464763551149048 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nSherwood, Harriet, Sandra Laville, Kim Willsher, Ben Knight, Maddy French and Lauren Gambino, ”Schoolgirl jihadis: the female Islamists leaving home to join ISIS fighters.”, The Guardian, 29, April ,2014 ,\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/29/schoolgirl-jihadis-female-islamists-leaving-home-join-isis-iraq-syria , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\nYoung, Karen De, ”U.S. vows to double nonlethal aid to Syrian rebels as opposition backers reach accord”, Washington Post, April 20, 2013,\nhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/kerry-in-istanbul-joins-quest-for-common-ground-on-aid-to-syrian-rebels/2013/04/20/896b39e6-a9d0-11e2-b029-8fb7e977ef71_story.html?utm_term=.7690563d19d2 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n“3000 millitants including ISIS members flee Syria as Russia drops leaflets demandind surrender”, International Business Times, 5, October, 2015,\nhttps://www.ibtimes.co.in/3000-militants-including-isis-members-flee-syria-russia-drops-leaflets-demanding-surrender-649284 , the last review: 2020/1/4\n\n\n五、網路資源\n(一) 中文網站、資料庫\n「敘利亞化武攻擊懶人包」,地球圖輯隊,2013年8月29日,\nhttps://dq.yam.com/post.php?id=1067,最後查閱時間:2020/1/5\n\n「邊緣地帶論」,壹讀,2015年7月1日,https://read01.com/zh-tw/58dEKm.html#.XE1hVSuUe5U,最後查閱時間:2020/1/5\n\n「敘利亞化武攻擊懶人包」,地球圖輯隊,2013年8月29日:https://dq.yam.com/post.php?id=1067,最後查閱時間:2020/1/5\n\n彭振宣,「美國為何變得軟弱(上):追溯『美國衰退論』的迷思源頭」,關鍵評論,2017年9月13 日,\nhttps://www.thenewslens.com/article/79338,最後查閱時間:2020/1/5\n\n雷薩.阿斯蘭(Reza Aslan),「瓦哈比與沙烏地結盟不僅改變伊斯蘭教歷史,更改變了世界地緣政治平衡」,關鍵評論,2018年9月2日,\nhttps://www.thenewslens.com/article/102595,最後查閱時間:2020/1/5\n\n\n(二) ISIS影音、圖片、官方電子雜誌\nVideo shot by Al-Hayat Media Center (ISIS’ official media center), “Video: Islamic state\nmedia branch releases `The end of Sykes-Picot` “, Belfast Telegraph, 1, July, 2014,\nhttps://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/video-news/video-islamic-state-media-branch-releases-the-end-of-sykespicot-30397575.html , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nVideo: “Boy In ISIS Propaganda Video Claims To Be 10-year-old American”, TODAY, 24,\nAugust, 2017,\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDXkB-K_rZw , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nrecruitment for ISIS, 圖片連結,\nhttps://andelino.wordpress.com/2015/12/23/lie-of-the-year-2015/isis-recruitment-campaign\n-01/ , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\npropaganda on ISIS, 圖片連結, http://www.trotat.de/2015/01/drohnen-panzer-youtube-videos-die-niederlage-des-westens-gegen-simple-web-propaganda/ISIS , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\n圖片連結:Juan Wes,“El ISIS amenaza ahora a Cristiano Ronaldo de cara al Mundial de Rusia”, Cuatro, 30, October, 2017,\nhttps://www.cuatro.com/deportes/ISIS-Cristiano-Ronaldo-Mundial-Rusia_0_2459625414.\nhtml , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\n“The Ruling On The Belligerent Christians “, Rumiya, Issue 9, 4, May, 2017, https://qb5cc3pam3y2ad0tm1zxuhhowpengine.netdnassl.com/wpcontent/uploads/2017/05/Rumiyah-9.pdf , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDabiq and Rumiyah internal download site,\nhttps://clarionproject.org/islamic-state-isis-isil-propaganda-magazine-dabiq-50/ , the last\nreview: 2020/1/5\n\n(三) 川普Twitter推文\nDonald J. Trump, “We have defeated ISIS in Syria, my only reason for being there during the\nTrump Presidency.”, Twitter, 19, December, 2018,\nhttps://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1075397797929775105 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “Aftrer historic victories against ISIS, It’s time to bring our young people\nhome!.”, Twitter, 19, December, 2018,\nhttps://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1075528854402256896?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1075528854402256896&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.udn.com%2Fmoney%2Fstory%2F10511%2F3549360 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “Big wins against ISIS!”, Twitter, 11, July, 2017,\nhttps://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/884750055776948225 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “ISIS is on the run & will soon be wiped out of Syria & Iraq, illegal border\ncrossings are way down (75%) & MS 13 gangs are being removed.”, Twitter, 12, July, 2017,\nhttps://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/885092844511387654 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “Under Trump, gains against #ISIS have dramatically accelerated.”, Twitter, 5, Agust, 2017,\nhttps://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/893957896190533632 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “...to terrorism and airline flight safety. Humanitarian reasons, plus I want Russia to greatly step up their fight against ISIS & terrorism.”, Twitter, 16, May, 2017,\nhttps://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/864438529472049152 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “Many dead, including women and children, in mindless CHEMICAL attack in Syria. Area of atrocity is in lockdown and encircled by Syrian Army, making it completely\ninaccessible to outside world. President Putin, Russia and Iran are responsible for backing\nAnimal Assad. Big price...”, Twitter, 8, April, 2018,\nhttps://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/982966315467116544 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “We have defeated ISIS in Syria, my only reason for being there during the Trump Presidency.”, Twitter, 19, December, 2018,\nhttps://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/1075397797929775105 , the last review: 2020/1/5\n\nDonald J. Trump, “After historic victories against ISIS, It’s time to bring our young people\nhome!.”, Twitter, 19, December, 2018, https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1075528854402256896?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1075528854402256896&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.udn.com%2Fmoney%2Fstory%2F10511%2F3549360 , the last review: 2020/1/5
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
外交學系戰略與國際事務碩士在職專班
106922005
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106922005
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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