中國在拉丁美洲的權力運用之研究 （2008年-2018年）

Abstract

911事件後以來，美國的戰略重心擺在中東、反恐、伊朗等問題上，長期忽略與拉丁美洲及加勒比海地區國家的交往與互動，嚴重傷害拉美人民對於美國的信任。中國目前是拉丁美洲地區最大債權國及第二大貿易夥伴，近年來陸續與拉丁美洲國家建交，並在阿根廷昆圖科市建造價約5000萬美元的太空任務測控站，成功在「美國後院」展現強大的影響力。本文以權力作為研究途徑，探討中國究竟欲在拉丁美洲地區達成哪些戰略目標?中國過去的10年是如何增加在拉美地區影響力？若以約瑟夫奈伊「巧權力」概念分析，又將提供觀察中國在拉丁美洲戰略哪些不同層面的視角？研究發現，中國在硬、軟權力要素配合下已是具有操作巧權力能力的國家，長期透過與拉美國家的交往與互動實現其外交政策目標。然而，拉美各國因自身政經條件而對中國巧權力及「一帶一路」戰略有不同的反應與立場偏好，且隨著國內政局更易、經濟發展、民間喜好與特定議題而有所調整與變化。此外，美國政府對拉美國家的政策立場，亦是中國在拉美地區運用巧權力的變數，值得後續追蹤觀察。

Post 9/11 attack, US national security strategy had been focused on the Middle East, on the fight against terrorism and Iran. It"s been long-term neglected relationship with the Latin America Caribbean, LAC, losing Latin American people’s trust.\nChina is the largest creditor and the second largest trading partner in Latin America, three countries have been broken ties with Taiwan, over the past two years (2017-2018); besides, in QUINTUCO city, Argentina, a $50 million space mission monitoring station was built by the Chinese military. China has already demonstrated its strong influence or presence in "American backyard".\nThis article uses power as a research approach to find what strategic goals of China wants to achieve in Latin America. How has China increased its influence in Latin America over the past 10 years? If we use Joseph Nye smart power as an approach, what kinds of different views can we observe from China strategic to LAC?\nAccording to research, we found China already are capable to dominate smart power, through enhancing interactions with LAC countries, to achieve its diplomacy goal. However, due to each political and economic conditions different within LAC, causing they have different reactions and preference toward China smart power and Belt and Road. Also with the regime change、economic development、preference and specific issues would relatively alternation and adjustment. Besides, US government diplomacy stance would be a variable to Beijing government policy to LAC, we should keep following up the development.