當代人口販運防制法制定與施行—法制史觀點

Abstract

我國人口販運防制法於2009年1月12日三讀通過，1月23日總統公布，同年六月開始施行。也因此自2010年開始迄今，美國國務院每年六月發表的“Trafficking in Persons Report”，也就是我們慣稱的TIP報告—《人口販運問題報告》，我國都列在第一列名單；但名列第一列並不表示我國不存在人口販運犯罪問題，而是呈現我國相關主管機關在查緝及防治上的努力。\n然本法施行迄今已十年，而國人對於「人口販運」的認知多半仍為陌生，且看檢察官以「人口販運防制法」對犯罪嫌疑人提起訴訟，法官以此定罪率亦相對偏低。要探知國人對於人口販運此犯罪型態的了解，是否只是來自聯合國人口販運議定書倡議與規範的「新議題」，而致國人面對國內相關案件的發生時尚無法明確界定犯罪事實，故本文採自十七世紀迄今為研究之時序，從西方與傳統中國法制史角度探討此一犯罪相關議題近三百多年來在我國可能發生之型態，與在臺灣這塊土上的發展；並嘗試透過文獻，如清朝官員上疏的奏摺、則例，日本治臺時期相關報導與近代我國相關法規等文獻，探究自清朝以來，與人口販運相關的傳統法規範是如何影響生活在臺灣這塊土地人們的生活態度其認知與文化。\n本法立法時的過程，於今業已成為法制史的一部分，本文也回溯推動立法時，當下我國內外在環境與事件的發生，進而探討制定本法之必要性，與當時在立法院審議時的爭點與歧異。並透過地方法院一審判決了解本法在上路施行後法官實際運用的狀態，嘗試了解執法者對「人口販運」相關問題的認知與態度。\n藉由本文循序漸進的爬梳，可以了解臺灣這塊土地近三百年來，在人口販運議題相關犯罪型態的變化，以及相關法規範的訂定與執行上的差異，進而理解人們在生活上對此問題的理解與價值觀，作為日後相關議題倡議、教育的基礎。

Human Trafficking Prevention Act in Taiwan was adopted upon a third reading in January, 2009, and thereafter announced by the president in the same Month. The legislation came into effect in June of the same year. Therefore, since 2010, the "Trafficking in Persons Report" published by the U.S. Department of State every June, (or the “TIP report" as we commonly know it) has listed Taiwan in the first tier. The first tier does not indicate that there is no problem of human trafficking crime in our country, but represents the efforts of the relevant authorities in Taiwan in detection and prevention of such activities.\nHowever, it has been ten years since the implementation of this law, and most Taiwanese people are still unfamiliar with the concept of "trafficking in human beings". It seems that the prosecutor has brought a lawsuit against the criminal suspect with the " Human Trafficking Prevention Act ", and the judge`s conviction rate is relatively low. The Taiwanese people`s understanding of the crime of trafficking in human beings is a relatively "new topic" proposed and regulated by the United Nations human trafficking protocol. For this reason, it is quite impossible for the people to clearly define the facts of crime in the face of domestic cases. Therefore, this paper looks into the 17th century for reference, and discusses related issues from the perspectives of Western and traditional Chinese legal history This paper discusses the possible patterns and the development in Taiwan in the past three hundred years, and tries to explore how the traditional laws and regulations related to human trafficking have influenced people`s living conditions in Taiwan since the Qing Dynasty. Research materials include literature, such as memorials and regulations of Qing Dynasty officials, relevant reports of Japan`s ruling Taiwan period and relevant laws and regulations of modern China To measure its cognition and culture.\nThe process of legislating this law has become a part of the history of the legal system. This article also reviews events contemporary to the legislation, domestically and internationally, to shed light on the necessity of the law, as well as differences among the legislature. And through the first instance judgment of the district court to understand the actual use of this law after the implementation of the law, try to understand the law enforcement of "human trafficking" related issues of the cognition and attitude.\nThis article is a review of relevant phenomena throughout the past three hundred years––including the population changes in trafficking issues related crime patterns, and differences provide for the implementation of the relevant legal norms in Taiwan. As a result, researchers may further understand daily lives and values prevalent in Taiwan for future initiatives for future reference and basic education purposes.