企業導入工業4.0平台生態系之探索性研究

Abstract

近年來全球工業聯網的應用急速成長，但是對於中小企業而言，工業物聯網的採用與導入成本相對較高，因此許多企業會選擇採用Platform as a Service (PaaS)的服務模式來降低成本。本研究透過與W公司PaaS平台合作，研究探討組織在面對此種平台時，與傳統單純導入系統的研究區別，找出其潛在的接受導入、組織調適過程及持續使用因素。本研究透過文獻回顧以及深度訪談來調查，企業組織在PaaS平台下所面臨的三個階段，依據其進入平台時間分為進入前期的接受導入、組織調適過程與後期持續使用，透過質性研究方式，邀請W公司PaaS平台廠商進行深度訪談，並藉由紮根理論將訪談內容彙整與編碼，歸納出主要因素，並透過訪談內容，建立平台初期接受導入與後期持續使用模型，來分析企業組織對於PaaS平台的各階段相關影響因素以及其關係。\n本研究結果根據訪談結果分析，歸納出初期接受導入模型及後期持續使用模型，一、初期接受導入模型：藉由TOE科技接受模式分析且根據訪談資料分析歸納，接受導入前因會受到科技(產品特性、產品廠商特性)、組織(企業需求、成本考量、內部參與、應用成效、管理壓力、使用習慣)、環境(合作夥伴、政府政策、競爭優勢、案例參考)三大構面及調節變數(程式能力、組織規模、市場趨勢)所影響。二、後期持續使用模型：透過調適結構理論分析與訪談資料歸納，企業組織會因產品提供之功能及服務，導致組織產生組織調適之過程(人員變異、組織調整)，改變組織績效，進而持續使用W公司PaaS平台。

In recent years, the application of the global industrial networking has grown rapidly. However, for small and medium-sized enterprises, the costs of adoption and introduction to Industrial Internet of Things are relatively high. Thus, many enterprises would prefer to adopt the Platform as a Service (PaaS) model to reduce costs.\nThis study cooperated with PaaS platform built by W company, to explore the differences between the platform and traditional imported systems during adoption and introduction. Also, finding out their potential factors of acceptance implement, organization adaptation process and continued use factors. This study will investigate through literature review and interviews. The situations while adopting and introducing PaaS platform to the organization are divided into three phases: early acceptance implement, organization adaptation process, and continuous use. The phases are based on the time when they entered the platform.\nIn terms of research methods, in-depth interviews were conducted with PaaS platform vendors. The interview data were then summarized through grounded theory and concluded into main factors that affect the adoption, implementation, and adaptation of PaaS platform. The content of the interviews were then analyzed to set up the two theoretical models used in this study, which were the initial adoption model and the later continuous use model. Finally, the models were then applied to investigate the factors that influence adoption of PaaS platform and the relationship between the factors at various stage of implementation.\nAccording to the result analysis of the interviews, this study summarized the research data into two models: the initial adoption model and the later continuous use model. 1) The initial adoption model was modified from the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework on the basis of interview data. There are three major aspects that affect the technology of an organization. Firstly, the technology perspective includes product characteristics and product manufacturer characteristics. Secondly, the organization perspective includes enterprise needs, cost, internal participation, effectiveness, management pressure, and usage habits. Thirdly, the environment perspective includes partners, government policies, competitive advantages, and case references. Finally, the moderator variables of this model includes program capabilities, organization size and market trends. 2) The continuous use model was in accordance with the adaptive structuration theory (AST) and the conclusion obtained from the interview data. Due to the functions and services provided by products, enterprises will face adaption process such as employee variation or organizational adjustment. Organizations will subsequently improve their organizational performance, and thus continuing to use the PaaS platform of W company.