開放取用教材對臺灣之大學教師教學與大學機構推廣之調查研究

Abstract

在數位時代的影響下，對於高等教育環境而言數位教材的需求日益增加，加上大學生受到教科書價格過高的困擾，因此Open Access Textbooks（以下簡稱OAT）的發展需求成為了大學致力發展的教學資源之一。\n此篇論文期望分享臺灣的大學教師對於OAT的使用情形，初步了解教師使用OAT的原因、使用方式、影響因素等面向，並彙整臺灣之大學OA發展機構對於OAT的發展意願、成本考量以及OAT的預期成效。\n此篇論文藉由訪談調查法了解台灣之大學教師在OAT的使用原因主要呈現在減少學生購買教科書的花費上，除此之外目前台灣之大學生對於學術資源之著作權概念仍不完整，教師期望藉由OAT來教導學生利用數位資源的正確方式。教師在OAT使用上將先以課程輔助教材為主，藉由數位資源的優勢提供學生豐富的多媒體教材，並配合現今數位原民的資訊使用習慣，期望可以藉由OAT的特性來提升大學生的學習成效。\n同時本研究藉由問卷調查形式初步了解數間臺灣之大學OA發展機構對於OAT的看法，目前多數機構有發展OAT的意願，但仍無完整的發展策略，而目前OA發展機構會面臨到人力資源缺乏、主管機關與教師對OAT的認知不足等問題，將影響到未來OAT推廣的成效，OA發展機構應提升校內師生對OAT的認知，並考量與其他相關機構的合作需求，進而建立完整的OAT的永續發展策略。\n本研究最後提出以下OAT未來發展上的建議：（1）進行大學教師OAT需求分析；（2）建立大學教師與校內主管機關對OAT的完整觀念；（3）培養大學生對數位資源之著作權觀念；（4）建立OAT資源與OAT使用回饋之整合平台；（5）確認與其他機構之合作需求及業務分配；（6）確保OAT發展策略之永續性。

During the digital age, the increasing demand for digital textbooks for the higher education environment, coupled with the high price of textbooks for college students, Open Access Textbooks (OAT) has become one of the teaching resources that the university is committed to developing it. This research expects to share the use of OAT by university teachers in Taiwan, to initially understand the reasons why teachers use OAT, how to use them, and the effect of using OAT. On the other hand, this research summarized the viewpoint, attitude, consideration of cost, and anticipated benefits of OA development agencies in Taiwan’s university about OAT.\nThe results of this study infer that the reasons for the use of OAT by university teachers in Taiwan are mainly to reduce the cost of textbooks. In addition, considering the concept of copyright for scholarly resources in Taiwan’s university students is still weak, teachers expect teach students the right way to use digital resources by OAT. University teachers will use OAT for supplementary materials in order to provide students with multimedia resources, take advantage of digital resources, and cooperate with the information behavior of Digital Natives. It is expected that the characteristics of OAT can be used to promote the learning outcomes of students. The study applied a questionnaire to understand the viewpoint of OAT for OA development agencies in Taiwan’s university. As of now, most agency have the desire to develop support services for OAT, but there is still no complete strategic planning. OA development agency will face due to the lack of human resources, the lack of awareness of OAT by the competent authorities and teachers will affect the outcome of the promotion of OAT in the future. OA development agency should improve the teachers’ and students’ awareness of OAT in university, consider to build the cooperative relationship with other OA agencies, and establish a complete strategic plan for future development of OAT.\nFinally, this study proposed the following suggestion：(1) Analyze the needs of university teachers for OAT; (2) Establish a complete concept of OAT for university teachers and internal authorities; (3) Establish a complete concept of copyright of digital information resources for university students; (4) Establish the platform for OAT resources and OAT use feedback; (5) Confirm cooperation requirements and business distribution with other OA organizations; (6) Ensure the sustainability of OAT development strategy.