Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/131373
題名: 我拍故我在:男同志於健身房自拍的社群身體展演
I take selfies, therefore I am: gay men’s gym selfies as body presentation on social media
作者: 卓菁莪
Jhuo, Ching-O
貢獻者: 康庭瑜
Kang, Ting-Yu
卓菁莪
Jhuo, Ching-O
關鍵詞: 男同志
健身文化
自拍
自我物化
身體經驗
社群媒體
Gay men
Fitness culture
Selfie
Self-objectification
Body experience
Social media
日期: 2020
上傳時間: 3-Aug-2020
摘要: 健身運動為當今男同志社群中顯著的次文化,社群媒體上也充斥著男同志健身的影像以及體態相關的論述或個人意見。本研究發想於男同志健身者在健身房內自拍的現象,並聚焦於男同志健身者個人身體經驗;分析男同志健身者如何看待透過健身行為所打造的體態,了解健身自拍的動機與策略,以及探索分享健身自拍於社群媒體對男同志健身文化的影響。\n\n研究結果發現,男同志健身者在健身行為中經歷了身型成長,也迎合男同志社群對壯碩體態的推崇,並一再監控自我身體狀況與健身行為,確保體態仍符合於主流美體標準。自拍作為男同志健身者記錄自我體態的方式,也成為展示個人身體優勢的手段,同時應用數位素養與健身場域特質,打造更為誘人性感的身體;男同志健身自拍行為也使健身房形成一個性化又去性化的空間。社群媒體提供男同志健身者展演壯碩體態的平台,既可塑造個人形象,也能於體態展演中獲得愉悅感;分享自拍建構了性化體態展演的循環,並強化男同志圈內體態為重的主流價值觀,打造社群媒體上的男同志凝視景觀。
Hitting the gym has become a significant subculture of the gay community. Social media abound with images of gay men working out and posts about body image in the form of discussion and personal opinion. Prompted by the phenomenon of gay men taking gym selfies, this study focuses on the personal body experience of gay men building muscles, analyzes gay bodybuilders` thoughts on gym-built bodies, examines the motivation behind and strategies for selfie-taking, and explores how sharing workout selfies on social media has influenced and shaped gay gym culture.\n\nThe results of this study show that the interviewed gay men working on bodybuilding experienced physical growth, which caters to the gay community`s admiration of the hunky body image. They monitored their physical conditions and workout routines constantly in order to meet the prevailing aesthetic standards. For them, selfie-taking not only helped track the development of one`s body shape but also served as a means of showcasing their attractive physical aspects--by tapping into their digital literacy and the characteristics of the gym space, they were able to present an even sexier version of themselves. The act of gay men taking gym selfies has remade the gym, making it at once sexualized and desexualized. Social media has become a platform for gay bodybuilders to present their well-built physique, shape their personal image, and derive pleasure from body presentation. Selfie-sharing established a cycle of sexualized body presentation, reinforced the gay community`s obsession with body image, and ultimately created the "gay male gaze" phenomenon on social media.
參考文獻: Dennis Peng(2016年2月15日)。〈肌肉男排外俱樂部:在挑戰「恐同」的道路上,男同志成為自己人的「壓迫者」〉,《關鍵評論網》。上網日期:2019年10月23日,取自https://www.thenewslens.com/article/ 36185。\n王兆慶(2004)。《醜怪的理想身體:台灣健美運動的社會學研究(1958-2003)》。臺灣大學社會學研究所學位論文。\n王吉瑞(2014)。《以環境行為學觀點探討高雄男同志在健身房中的身體經驗》。樹德科技大學建築與室內設計研究所學位論文。\n王明智(2000)。《男同志性別認同的顛覆與移動[從性別弱勢到性別主體‧性別論述與榮格理論]》。輔仁大學應用心理研究所學位論文。\n王金永等譯(2000)。《質化研究與社會工作》,台北:洪葉文化。(原書Padgett, D. K. [1998]. Qualitative Methods in Social Work Research)\n王亭文、李偉萍、盧俊宏(2016)。〈健身運動情境下自我對話之探析〉,《體育學報》,49(3): 273-287。\n王崇倫(2012)。《男同志肌肉狂熱現象初探》。政治大學國際傳播英語碩士學程(IMICS)學位論文。\n王憶紅(2018年8月13日)。〈〈封面故事〉豪華、小型健身房 各有所愛〉,《自由時報》。上網日期:2019年10月14日,取自https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1223894#targetText=%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E5%81%A5%E8%BA%AB%E6%88%BF%E7%82%BA,%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7%E7%8E%87%E9%81%9424%25%E3%80%82。\n包怡芬(2018)。〈健身運動參與動機、涉入程度與休閒效益之研究〉,《運動教練科學》,51: 11-24。\n白怡娟(2007)。〈美體社會學談什麼?〉,《嘉義大學通識學報》,5: 557-573。\n何書豪(2002)。〈溫泉空間,體熱邊緣-同性戀「私密」情/慾繚繞溫泉「公共」空間之操演及其晚期現代意義〉,《戶外遊憩研究》,15(1): 17-42。\n吳學儒(2018年11月15日)。〈【男人想想】「受到壓迫的既得利益者」?男同志可以如何自省〉,《想想論壇》。上網日期:2019年10月15日,取自https://www.thinkingtaiwan.com/content/7292。\n吳麗珍、黃惠滿、李浩銑(2014)。〈方便取樣和立意取樣之比較〉,《護理雜誌》,61(3): 105-111。\n呂學超(2008)。《大專男性追求肌肉發達的身體意象與自尊、生活品質之探索研究》。臺灣大學心理學研究所學位論文。\n李宇文(2020)。《從具陰柔特質的男同志之生命故事探討台灣男同志圈的陽剛霸權意識》。政治大學國家發展研究所碩士論文。\n沈慧婷(2009)。《自尊、身體意象與社會比較對健身動機的影響》。中興大學行銷學系所學位論文。\n周嘉琪、李春蓓(2010)。〈「維納斯」與「花瓶」之間的秘密-初探自我物化與健身運動〉,《臺灣體育論壇》,1: 45-52。\n林文琪(2004)。《身體認同:同一與差異》。新北:韋伯文化。\n林以淳、高清漢、楊俊明(2012)。〈LINE和Instagram介面設計品質研究之初探〉,《工業設計》,127: 156-161。\n林金定、嚴嘉楓、陳美花(2005)。〈質性研究方法:訪談模式與實施步驟分析〉,《身心障礙研究季刊》,3(2): 122-136。\n林冠丞(2017)。《男同志手機交友軟體:身體意象與情慾展演的民族誌初探》。高雄醫學大學性別研究所碩士班碩士論文。\n林冠廷(2019)。《論男同志手機交友app的機會與限制》。政治大學社會學系碩士論文。\n林純德(2009)。〈成為一隻「熊」 台灣男同志「熊族」的認同型塑與性/性別/身體展演〉,《台灣社會研究季刊》,76: 57-117。\n邱建章(2002)。《來去加州:休閒健身運動與生活風格之文化研究》。臺灣師範大學體育學系學位論文。\n洪任賢(2017年6月2日)。〈同婚釋憲後,非主流男同志跟誰結婚?〉,《女人迷》。上網日期:2019年10月25日。取自https://womany.net/read/article/13613。\n洪國修(2012)。《健身房使用者參與動機與性別意識型態之研究》。中興大學運動與健康管理研究所學位論文。\n范綱皓(2015年10月27日)。〈同志的「厭女」情結:交友軟體上的拒C文化〉,《女人迷》。上網日期:2019年10月25日。取自https://womany.net/read/article/8910?ref=read。\n范麗娟(1994)。〈深度訪談簡介〉,《戶外遊憩研究》,7(2): 25-35。\n孫紀蘭(2005)。《男性身體意象滿意度與猛男情結之關聯性研究》。臺灣大學新聞研究所碩士論文。\n康庭瑜(2019)。〈「只是性感,不是放蕩」:社群媒體女性自拍文化的象徵性劃界實踐〉,《中華傳播學刊》,35: 125-158。\n張君如、李宜玲、黃柏竣(2011)。〈健身房男性會員運動行為、肌肉外顯滿意度與自尊關係之研究〉,《運動休閒管理學報》,8(1): 189-208。\n張志成、王俊明(2013)。〈男性重量訓練者的肌肉發達驅力及肌肉上癮症〉,《大專體育學刊》,15(2): 208-217。\n教育部體育署(2019年12月6日)。〈108年運動現況調查成果發表記者會 自發樂活愛運動 多元運動i臺灣〉(十二月六日新聞稿)【公告】。上網日期:2019年12月18日。台北市:教育部體育署。取自https://www.sa.gov.tw/News/NewsDetail?Type=3&id=2666&n=92##。\n畢恆達、洪文龍(2006)。《GQ男人在發燒》。台北:女書文化。\n莊育碩(2016)。《「肌」不可失?-男同志身體及情慾之初探》。臺北大學社會學系碩士論文。\n郭永承(2012)。《台灣男同志身體經營消費行為之探索性研究》。中國文化大學中山與中國大陸研究所中山學術組碩士論文。\n陳彥霖(2019)。《以符號互動論探討男同志間及與異性戀男性互動之差異-以臺南健身房為例》。臺灣體育運動大學體育研究所碩士論文。\n陳昺麟(2001)。〈社會科學質化研究之紮根理論實施程序及實例之介紹〉,《勤益學報》,19: 327-342。\n陳薇帆(2007)。《探討男同志次文化族群在不同認同階段的消費型態-以動機需求觀點》。臺灣大學國際企業學研究所學位論文。\n喀飛(2016年5月19號)。〈台灣同運現場:誰剝光了同性戀?-AG健身中心事件〉,《酷時代X基本》。上網日期:2019年10月15日。取自http://ageofqueer.com/archives/10522。\n曾美嘉(2003)。《鍊/練/戀健身房-時尚運動中的身體過渡》。臺灣師範大學體育學系學位論文。\n游弘祺(2005)。《男同志身體政治學:台灣男性寫真集的現況與未來發展》。佛光人文社會學院未來學系碩士班碩士論文。\n馮玉兒(2011a)。〈男同志愛戀健美體魄與健身文化之初探〉,《休閒與社會研究》,3: 143-154。\n馮玉兒(2011b)。《彩虹世界-男同志愛戀健美體魄與健身文化之初探》。臺灣師範大學體育學系學位論文。\n黃紹謙(2019)。《男同志肥胖體態、自我認同及互動經驗》。東吳大學社會學系學位論文。\n黃囇莉、張錦華(2005)。〈臺灣民眾的身體意象及其預測因子:人際壓力、媒體信任作為中介變項〉,《中華心理學刊》,47(3): 269-287。\n楊雅慧(2013)。《臺北市成年男性身體意象與瘦身行為之研究》。中國文化大學生活應用科學系碩士論文。\n楊嘉惠、林耀豐(2011)。〈不同性別其身體意象差異性之探討〉。《屏東教大體育》,14: 162-171。\n萬文隆(2004)。〈深度訪談在質性研究中的應用〉,《生活科技教育月刊》,37(4): 17-23。\n劉光益(2017)。《男同志身體意象與心理健康相關性之研究》。臺灣師範大學社會教育學系碩士論文。\n劉襄、李惠婷(2012)。〈自我呈現、社會體型焦慮與健身運動依賴〉,《高應科大體育》,11: 94-103。\n蔡靚萱(2018年8月)。〈【2.6兆健身狂潮解析】六塊肌價比真金!Airbnb 股東、超商都搶撈〉,《科技報橘》。上網日期:2019年12月18日,取自https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2018/08/23/workout-market-is-booming/。\n賴彥甫(2015)。〈展演「C/娘」的音樂文化-台北同志夜店G* Star的Asia Pop與男同志身分的建構〉,《女學學誌:婦女與性別研究》,37: 93-133。\n簡永昌(2015)。《男同志如何解讀時尚雜誌之健身訊息及反映其身體意象-以Men`s UNO為例》。輔仁大學大眾傳播學研究所碩士論文。\n簡溥辰(2016)。《哈囉,找什麼?臺灣男同志使用交友軟體的情況及影響因素》。臺灣大學建築與城鄉研究所學位論文。\n簡維萱(2016年6月4日)。〈「耍娘」如何醜化男同志:以娘為恥?以娘為傲?〉,《鳴人堂》。上網日期:2019年10月25日。取自https://opinion.udn.com/opinion/story/6073/1741508。\n魏鈺娟、楊榮俊(2011)。〈休閒健身運動的流暢經驗與幸福感之探討〉,《屏東教大體育》,14: 142-152。\n羅毓嘉(2010)。《男柯一夢夢紅樓:西門紅樓南廣場的「同志市民空間」》。臺灣大學新聞研究所學位論文。\n譚躍、蕭蘋(2017)。〈男性氣概和運動:運動員模特兒在男性生活時尚雜誌廣告中的形象分析〉,《傳播研究與實踐》,7(2): 179-201。\n蘇柔郡、吳筱玫(2018)。〈高中女生使用Instagram之日常美學:符擔性觀點〉,《新聞學研究》,135: 139-191。\nAbidin, C. (2016). “Aren’t these just young, rich women doing vain things online?”: Influencer selfies as subversive frivolity. Social Media+ Society, 2(2), 2056305116641342.\nAlvarez, E. (2010). Muscle boys: Gay gym culture. Routledge.\nAlves de Assis, H. (2017). Be yourSELFIE: The meanings of gay bodies on Instagram.\nAndreasson, J., & Johansson, T. (2014). The fitness revolution: Historical transformations in the global gym and fitness culture. Sport Science Review, 23(3-4), 91-112.\nAvila-Saavedra, G. (2009). Nothing queer about queer television: Televized construction of gay masculinities. Media, Culture & Society, 31(1), 5-21.\nBarry, C. T., Doucette, H., Loflin, D. C., Rivera-Hudson, N., & Herrington, L. L. (2017). “Let me take a selfie”: Associations between self-photography, narcissism, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 6(1), 48-60.\nBell, K., & McNaughton, D. (2007). Feminism and the invisible fat man. Body & Society, 13(1), 107-131.\nBenzie, T. (2000). Judy garland at the gym: Gay magazines and gay bodybuilding. Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 14, 159-170.\nBirnholtz, J. (2018, September). I don`t want to seem trashy: Exploring context and self-presentation through young gay and bisexual males` attitudes toward shirtless selfies on Instagram. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services (p. 34). ACM.\nBohjalian, E. (2017). The self-presentation of popular fitspiration experts on Instagram. Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in Communications, 8(1), 23-34.\nBoyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230.\nBrown, J., & Graham, D. (2008). Body satisfaction in gym-active males: An exploration of sexuality, gender, and narcissism. Sex Roles, 59(1-2), 94-106.\nBurness, A. (2016). New ways of looking: Self-representational social photography in museums. Museums and Visitor Photography: Redefining the Visitor Experience, 152-183.\nCachelin, F. M., Rebeck, R. M., Chung, G. H., & Pelayo, E. (2002). Does ethnicity influence body‐size preference? A comparison of body image and body size. Obesity Research, 10(3), 158-166.\nCash, T. F., & Pruzinsky, T. E. (1990). Body images: Development, deviance, and change. Guilford Press.\nCash, T. F., & Szymanski, M. L. (1995). The development and validation of the body-image ideals questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64(3), 466-477.\nChesher, C. (2012). Between image and information: The iPhone camera in the history of photography. In Studying Mobile Media (pp. 106-125). Routledge.\nCruz, E., & Thornham, H. (2015). Selfies beyond self-representation: The (theoretical) f(r)ictions of a practice. Journal of Aesthetics & Culture, 7(1), 1-10.\nDavis, C. (1997). Normal and neurotic perfectionism in eating disorders: An interactive model. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 22(4), 421-426.\nDiCarlo, J. (2001). The gym body and heroic myth. The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide, 8(4), 14.\nDillon, P., Copeland, J., & Peters, R. (1999). Exploring the relationship between male homo/bi-sexuality, body image and steroid use. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 1(4), 317-327.\nDuncan, D. (2008). Out of the closet and into the gym: Gay men and body image in Melbourne, Australia. The Journal of Men’s Studies, 15(3), 331-346.\nDutton, K. R. (1995). The perfectible body: The western ideal of male physical development. London: Allen & Unwin.\nDworkin, S.L., & Wachs, F. L. (2009). Body panic: Gender, health, and the selling of fitness. New York: New York University Press.\nEagar, T., & Dann, S. (2016). Classifying the narrated #selfie: Genre typing human-branding activity. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9-10), 1835–1857.\nEllison, N. B., & Boyd, D. M. (2013). Sociality through social network sites. In The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies.\nFallon, A. (1990). Culture in the mirror: Sociocultural determinants of body image. In T. F. Cash & T. Pruzinsky (Eds.), Body images: Development, deviance, and change (p. 80–109). Guilford Press.\nFejes, F. (2000). Making a gay masculinity. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 17(1), 113-117.\nFox, J., & Rooney, M. C. (2015). The dark triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161-165.\nFredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women`s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173-206.\nFrosh, P. (2015). Selfies| the gestural image: The selfie, photography theory, and kinesthetic sociability. International Journal of Communication, 9, 1607-1628.\nGarner, D. (1997). The 1997 body image survey results. Psychology Today, 30(1), 30-44+.\nGrogan, S. (2016). Body image: Understanding body dissatisfaction in men, women and children. Taylor & Francis.\nGrogan, S., & Richards, H. (2002). Body image: Focus groups with boys and men. Men and masculinities, 4(3), 219-232.\nGudelunas, D. (2012). There’s an app for that: The uses and gratifications of online social networks for gay men. Sexuality & Culture, 16(4), 347-365.\nGye, L. (2007). Picture This: The Impact of Mobile Camera Phones on Personal Photographic Practices. Continuum, 21(2), 279-288.\nHancock, P., Hughes, B., Jagger, E., Paterson, K., Russell, R., Tulle-Winton, E., & Tyler, M. (2000). The body, culture and society: an introduction. Philadelphia: Open University Press.\nHarmatz, M. G., Gronendyke, J., & Thomas, T. (1985). The underweight male: The unrecognized problem group of body image research. Journal of Obesity & Weight Regulation, 4(4), 258-267.\nHarrison, B. (2004). Snap happy: Toward a sociology of “everyday” photography. In Seeing is believing? Approaches to visual research (pp. 23-39). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.\nHart, E. A., Leary, M. R., & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). The measurement of social physique anxiety. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 94-104.\nHildebrandt, T., Langenbucher, J., & Schlundt, D. G. (2004). Muscularity concerns among men: Development of attitudinal and perceptual measures. Body Image, 1(2), 169-181.\nHunte, B. (2020, January). The gay men risking their health for the perfect body. BBC News. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51270317.\nIHRSA. (2013). The 2013 IHRSA Global Report. The state of the Health Club Industry. Boston: IHRSA.\nIHRSA. (2015). The 2015 IHRSA Asia-Pacific Health Club Report. The state of the Health Club Industry. Boston: IHRSA.\nIqani, M., & Schroeder, J. E. (2016). #selfie: Digital self-portraits as commodity form and consumption practice. Consumption Markets & Culture, 19(5), 405-415.\nJohansson, T. (1996). Gendered spaces: The gym culture and the construction of gender. Young, 4(3), 32-47.\nJonason, P. K., Lyons, M., Baughman, H. M., & Vernon, P. A. (2014). What a tangled web we weave: The Dark Triad traits and deception. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 117-119.\nKapidzic, S., & Herring, S. C. (2011). Gender, communication, and self-presentation in teen chatrooms revisited: Have patterns changed?. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 17(1), 39-59.\nKimmel, S. B., & Mahalik, J. R. (2005). Body image concerns of gay men: The roles of minority stress and conformity to masculine norms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1185.\nKlein, A. M. (1993). Little big men: Bodybuilding subculture and gender construction. Albany: SUNY Press.\nKoff, E., Rierdan, J., & Stubbs, M. L. (1990). Gender, body image, and self-concept in early adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 10(1), 56-68.\nKozak, M., Frankenhauser, H., & Roberts, T. (2009). Objects of desire: Objectification as a function of male sexual orientation. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 10(3), 225-230.\nKozinets, R., Gretzel, U., & Dinhopl, A. (2017). Self in art/self as art: Museum selfies as identity work. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 731.\nLabre, M. P. (2005). The male body ideal:Pperspectives of readers and non-readers of fitness magazines. Journal of Men`s Health and Gender, 2(2), 223-229.\nLang, C., & Barton, H. (2015). Just untag it: Exploring the management of undesirable Facebook photos. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 147-155.\nLaw, C., & Labre, M. P. (2002). Cultural standards of attractiveness: A thirty-year look at changes in male images in magazines. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 697-711.\nLee, E., Lee, J. A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures speak louder than words: Motivations for using Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(9), 552-556.\nLeeds, M. C., & Liberti, R. (2007). Cause that’s what girls do”: The making of a feminized gym. Gender & Society, 21(5), 676-699.\nLeyva, J. (2013). How Do Muscles Grow? The Science of Muscle Growth. Built Lean. Retrieved from https://www.builtlean.com/2013/09/17/muscles-grow/.\nLloyd, C., & Payne, J. (2018). Licensed to skill? The impact of occupational regulation on fitness instructors. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 24(1), 91-108.\nLong, R. (1997). The fitness of the gym. The Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide, 4(3), 20-23.\nMaguire, J. S. (2007). Fit for consumption. Sociology and the business of fitness. London, England: Routledge.\nManago, A., Graham, M., Greenfield, P., & Salimkhan, G. (2008). Self-presentation and gender on MySpace. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 446-458.\nMartin, J. B. (2010). The development of ideal body image perceptions in the United States. Nutrition Today, 45(3), 98-110.\nMartins, Y., Tiggemann, M., & Kirkbride, A. (2007). Those speedos become them: The role of self-objectification in gay and heterosexual men`s body image. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(5), 634-647.\nMarwick, A. E. (2015). Instafame: Luxury selfies in the attention economy. Public Culture, 27, 137-160.\nMillington, B. (2016). Fit for presumption: Interactivity and the second fitness boom. Media, Culture & Society, 38(8), 1184-1200.\nMuth, J. L., & Cash, T. F. (1997). Body-image attitudes: What difference does gender make. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 1438-1452.\nOldenburg, R., & Brissett, D. (1982). The third place. Qualitative Sociology, 5(4), 265-284.\nParks, P. S. M., & Read, M. H. (1997). Adolescent male athletes: Body image, diet, and exercise. Adolescence, 32(127), 593.\nPope, H.G., Jr., Phillips, K.A., & Olivardia, R. (2000). The Adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession. New York: The Free Press.\nQiu, L., Lu, J., Yang, S., Qu, W., & Zhu, T. (2015). What does your selfie say about you?. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 443-449.\nRobson, D. (2020, February 6). The Importance Of The Pump: Anthony Catanzaro Is Here To Pump You Up!. Bodybuilding.com. Retrieved from https://www.bodybuilding.com/content/the-importance-of-the-pump-anthony-cantanzaro-is-here-to-pump-you-up.html.\nRokka, J., & Canniford, R. (2016). Heterotopian selfies: how social media destabilizes brand assemblages. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9/10), 1789-1813.\nRuckel, L., & Hill, M. (2017). Look @ me 2.0: Self-sexualization in Facebook photographs, body surveillance and body image. Sexuality & Culture, 21(1), 15-35.\nRui, J., & Stefanone, M. A. (2013). Strategic self-presentation online: A cross-cultural study. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 110-118.\nSassatelli, R. (2010). Fitness culture gyms and the commercialisation of discipline and fun / Roberta Sassatelli. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.\nSaucier, J. A., & Caron, S. L. (2008). An investigation of content and media images in gay men`s magazines. Journal of Homosexuality, 55(3), 504-523.\nSchilder, P. (1950). The image and appearance of the human body. New York: International Universities Press.\nSchwarz, O. (2010). On friendship, boobs and the logic of the catalogue: Online self-portraits as a means for the exchange of capital. Convergence, 16(2), 163-183.\nSeidel, S. (2015). Why do they sweat? Body (dis)satisfaction and evaluation of health and body attractiveness among young men taking regular gym exercises. The New Educational Review, 42(4), 267–276\nSenft, T. M., & Baym, N. K. (2015). What does the selfie say? Investigating a global phenomenon. International Journal of Communication, 9(Feature), 1588-1606.\nShaw, D. F. (1997). Gay men and computer communication: A discourse of sex and identity in cyberspace. Virtual Culture: Identity and Communication in Cybersociety, 133-145.\nSiever, M. D. (1994). Sexual orientation and gender as factors in socioculturally acquired vulnerability to body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(2), 252.\nSmith, L. R., & Sanderson, J. (2015). I`m going to Instagram it! An analysis of athlete self-presentation on Instagram. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 59(2), 342-358.\nSoerjoatmodjo, G. W. L. (2016). I selfie therefore I exist: A preliminary qualitative research on selfie as part of identity formation in adolescents. Humaniora, 7(2), 139-148.\nSorokowski, P., Sorokowska, A., Oleszkiewicz, A., Frackowiak, T., Huk, A., & Pisanski, K. (2015). Selfie posting behaviors are associated with narcissism among men. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 123-127.\nSung, Y., Lee, J. A., Kim, E., & Choi, S. M. (2016). Why we post selfies: Understanding motivations for posting pictures of oneself. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 260-265.\nTiggemann, M., Martins, Y., & Kirkbride, A. (2007). Oh to be lean and muscular: Body image ideals in gay and heterosexual men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8(1), 15-24.\nTiidenberg, K., & Gómez Cruz, E. (2015). Selfies, image and the re-making of the body. Body & Society, 21(4), 77-102.\nTing, H., Ming, W. W. P., de Run, E. C., & Choo, S. L. Y. (2015). Beliefs about the use of Instagram: An exploratory study. International Journal of Business and Innovation, 2(2), 15-31.\nTziallas, E. (2015). Gamified eroticism: Gay male “social networking” applications and self-pornography. Sexuality & Culture, 19(4), 759-775.\nUrry, J. (1995). Consuming places. Psychology Press.\nVan Dijck, J. (2008). Digital photography: Communication, identity, memory. Visual Communication, 7(1), 57-76.\nVivienne, S., & Burgess, J. (2013). The remediation of the personal photograph and the politics of self-representation in digital storytelling. Journal of Material Culture, 18(3), 279-298.\nWang, R., Yang, F., & Haigh, M. M. (2017). Let me take a selfie: Exploring the psychological effects of posting and viewing selfies and groupies on social media. Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 274-283.\nWargo, J. M. (2017). “Every selfie tells a story…”: LGBTQ youth lifestreams and new media narratives as connective identity texts. New Media & Society, 19(4), 560-578.\nWeiser, E. B. (2015). #Me: Narcissism and its facets as predictors of selfie-posting frequency. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 477-481.\nWendt, B. (2014). The allure of the selfie: Instagram and the new self-portrait. Institute of Network Cultures, Hogeschool van Amsterdam.\nWiseman, M. C., & Moradi, B. (2010). Body image and eating disorder symptoms in sexual minority men: A test and extension of objectification theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(2), 154.\nWood, M. J. (2004). The gay male gaze: Body image disturbance and gender oppression among gay men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 17(2), 43-62.\nWortham, J. (2013, October 19). My selfie, myself. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/20/sunday-review/myselfie-myself.html?pagewantedall&_r0\nYelland, C., & Tiggemann, M. (2003). Muscularity and the gay ideal: Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in homosexual men. Eating Behaviors, 4, 107-116.\nYep, G. A., & Elia, J. P. (2012). Racialized masculinities and the new homonormativity in LOGO`s Noah`s Arc. Journal of Homosexuality, 59(7), 890-911.
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
傳播學院傳播碩士學位學程
106464013
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106464013
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat
401301.pdf2.96 MBAdobe PDF2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check

Altmetric

Altmetric


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.