金融科技於跨境匯款的應用與發展

Abstract

跨境匯款盛行了好幾十年，然而跨境匯款服務卻有種種缺點，像是匯款過程需要好幾天以上，手續費高居不下，在匯款過程中無法得知匯款情況，較容易出錯的手動流程等等缺點。在金融科技創新的浪潮下，Fintech也帶給跨境匯款改變的契機，本文使用個案研究法，選取了使用Fintech技術的平台，Ripple ODL、IBM World Wire、SWIFT GPI、西聯匯款，以及台灣的金融監理沙河實驗易安聯、統振、櫻桃支付，將使用Fintech的平台與傳統的跨境匯款加以比較，是否顯著的改善舊式跨境匯款服務的缺點。再來本論文使用深度訪談法與跨境匯款業界的人士，探討跨境匯款現況與Fintech於跨境匯款的應用與困境。\n由於IBM World Wire還在實驗階段，櫻桃支付已停業，統振與易安聯有著類似的營業模式，後續以易安聯為代表，故此三家不多做討論。由案例比較本文發現，西聯匯款、易安聯和Ripple ODL相較於傳統跨境匯款在時間與成本上有顯著下降，西聯匯款與易安聯透過將匯款行與解款行相連省除中間行的過程，而自行建造匯款過程的Ripple ODL使用加密貨幣與法幣的兌換也同樣省去中間過程，最終達成時間可以下降至數分鐘甚至數秒，費用下降七成以上。\n在台灣，跨境匯款平台以APP和到便利商店繳納匯款的形式提供外籍移工方便、安全、合法、時間快速、手續費低廉、匯款匯率較好的匯款，但由於法令限制導致僅有持有台灣外僑居留證的外籍移工可以享受到此服務。\n由深度訪談法本文發現，銀行使用區塊鏈實質意義不大，目前政府傾向與Fintech平台合作，政府對於跨境匯款的要求並非創新、速度，而是監管與安全，現階段加密貨幣應用於跨境匯款的困境有兌換貨幣和安全性問題。

Cross-border remittances have been popular for decades. However, cross-border remittance services have various shortcomings. For example, the remittance process takes more than several days, the handling fee remains high, the remittance status cannot be known during the remittance process, and it is relatively error-prone.\nUnder the wave of financial technology innovation, Fintech also brings opportunities to change cross-border remittances. This article uses a case study and selects platforms that use Fintech technology, such as Ripple ODL, IBM World Wire, SWIFT GPI, Western Union, and Taiwan’s Regulatory Sandbox EMQ, WELLDONE , and CherryPay compare the use of Fintech`s platform with traditional cross-border remittances, and whether it significantly improves the shortcomings of the old cross-border remittance services. Next, this paper uses in-depth interviews with people in the cross-border remittance industry to discuss the current situation of cross-border remittances and the application and difficulties of Fintech in cross-border remittances.\nSince IBM World Wire is still in the experimental stage, CherryPay has ceased operations, WELLDONE has a similar business model with EMQ, and EMQ is the representative in the follow-up, so the three companies will not discuss more. From the case comparison, this article finds that Western Union, EMQ and Ripple ODL have a significant reduction in time and cost compared to traditional cross-border remittances. Western Union and EMQ eliminate the process of intermediary banks by connecting the remitting bank and the beneficiary bank. Ripple ODL, which builds its own remittance process, uses Cryptocurrencies to exchange fiat currencies and also eliminates the intermediate process. The final completion time can be reduced to minutes or even seconds, and the cost is reduced by more than 70%.\nIn Taiwan, cross-border remittance platforms provide migrant workers with convenient, safe, legal, fast time, low handling fees and good remittance exchange rates in the form of APP and payment in convenience stores. However, due to legal restrictions, only legal migrant workers can enjoy this service. According to the in-depth interview, this article finds that the use of blockchain by banks is of little significance. At present, the government tends to cooperate with Fintech platforms. The government`s requirements for cross-border remittances are not innovation, speed, but supervision and safety. The predicament of international remittance is currency exchange and security issues.