婚姻移民設籍制度之檢討： 以放棄原籍與撤銷戶籍之制度為中心

Abstract

本文主要研究目的，在於探究我國婚姻移民之設籍制度。由於我國特殊的歷史背景和政治因素，對於婚姻移民來臺團聚、停留、居留﹅歸化﹅定居、設籍等程序，係以外國人﹅大陸地區人民及香港澳門居民等身分區分，相關居留及設籍程序分屬入出國及移民法（下簡移民法）、中華民國國籍法（下簡國籍法）﹅臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例（下稱兩岸條例）﹅香港澳門關係條例（下稱港澳條例）﹅中華民國戶籍法（下簡戶籍法）等法律規範。設籍程序依照婚姻移民之原籍身分，適用的法規不盡相同。我國於105年12月21日修正公布之國籍法，其部分修正條文雖然已對外國人歸化放寬申請條件，並修正國籍法第九條規定，允許外籍配偶先取得歸化許可，再於一年內提出喪失原有國籍證明辦理定居，儘管如此，本次國籍法修正仍無法完全保障外籍配偶的基本權益，甚至可能製造更多的國籍問題，其中以國籍法第十九條撤銷國籍規定，對外籍配偶之設籍制度影響甚鉅，其取得國籍之身分，如因故被撤銷國籍，在無法回復母國國籍前，可能成為無國籍人士。類似情形亦可能於大陸配偶申請定居後發生，為了在臺設籍，大陸配偶必須放棄原籍，在兩岸之間擇一地區辦理定居。因此，我國在「國籍」與「戶籍」的身分聯結關係中，對於婚姻移民設籍制度與居民身分轉換形成特殊待遇，是否符合憲法基本人權保障，爰須加以分析探討。\n本論文第一章緒論針對研究動機與目的﹅研究方法等說明。第二章國籍法理論探討，就國籍定義﹅國籍法理論與基本原則綜整，另對國際法或國際公約有關國籍問題的重要規範彙整。第三章我國國籍法與戶籍法之法制探討，探討我國國籍與戶籍的歷史經驗，說明國籍法﹅戶籍法之立法沿革與大陸地區與香港澳門地區之國籍問題。第四章我國婚姻移民設籍制度之探討，就我國婚姻移民放棄原籍及撤銷戶籍之法制問題探討，並對行政法院裁判案例提出評析意見。第五章為研究結論及建議，提出國籍法﹅移民法及兩岸條例﹅港澳條例等修法意見，期許婚姻移民之設籍權益能受到憲法之保障。

The main purpose of this article is to explore the registration system of marriage immigration in my country. Due to the special historical background and political factors, procedures for marriage immigration resident in Taiwan, naturalization, and so on are based on the residential status of foreigners, mainland people, Hong Kong and Macao residents. The entire registration procedure belongs to Immigration Act, Nationality Law, Regulations Governing the Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the People of the Mainland China Area, Regulations Governing the Relations with Hong Kong and Macao, Household Registration Act, and the applicable laws are different. The Nationality Law amended in Taiwan on December 21, 2016 is to implement International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights for basic human right protection. Although the amendments to the Nationality Law have minimized the barriers for naturalization. namely the foreign spouse must obtain the naturalization permission before submitting a certificate of loss of original nationality in Article 9 of the Nationality Law. Nevertheless, the amendment of the Nationality Law cannot fully protect foreign Spouses basic rights and ieven create more nationality issues. The cancellation of the nationality provisions in Article 19 of the Nationality Law has a far-reaching effect on the marriage immigration system. The foreign spouse may be revoked of nationality for some reason. Foreign Spouses have become international stateless ball. The same marriage immigration registration system also occurred when the mainland spouse applied for resident. This is because the mainland spouse apply for household registration in Taiwan, they must give up their origin household registration. Therefore, in the identity relationship between the nationality and household registration, the legal status and identity status of marriage immigrants in Taiwan form special treatment. The purpose of this study is to discussed whether or not it is in compliance with constitutional basic human rights protection and equality implementation.\nThe first chapter of this paper will explain the motivation and purpose of the research-research methods. The second chapter focuses on the theory of nationality law and analyzes the definition of nationality, theory and basic principles. The third chapter discusses the historical experience of nationality and household registration in Taiwan, analyzing the evolution of nationality laws and legislation in Taiwan, and briefly describing the nationality issues in the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao. The fourth chapter will discuss the legal issues of marriage immigrants giving up their origins and revoking their household registration in Taiwan, and analyze judicial practices. The fifth chapter is the research conclusion and suggestions of this article, proposing the amendment direction. It is expected that the marriage immigration registration system guarantees the basic human rights in the Constitution.