我國SOHO族工作條件與權益之探討

Abstract

現今已進入知識經濟社會，使得擁有專業技術之知識工作者逐漸成為核心人才；隨著科技發展進步、工作價值觀及企業結構改變，以及組織業務外包之普遍等因素，SOHO工作有別於傳統工作型態，透過電腦網路等科技設備也能在家接案工作，無論工作時間或地點皆未受限，進而帶動一股新生活與工作型態。因全職SOHO族無受僱於他人，故能自由訂定工作規則，此具高度彈性之就業模式，提供勞動者實現理想中的自主工作環境。提到SOHO族，許多人可能會聯想到休閒自在之工作形象，然而，隱含於「甦活工作」意象的背後，仍須面對各項壓力，現今文獻資料多分析SOHO族之工作概況與發展沿革，透過SOHO現況了解其工作型態，然較少針對討論SOHO族其所面臨之勞動問題，這亦為本研究欲探討之部分。\n\n 本研究欲先了解SOHO族定義及其發展背景，再透過業界中SOHO工作者之經驗分享，探討其所會面臨之工作壓力與問題。研究對象鎖定文化創意產業自由工作者，主要係因文創產業中有許多SOHO族，由於該族群不喜歡受到組織束縛，較偏好專注於自身創作，故需藉由各項管道與發案主聯繫溝通，並運用自身技能，在自宅或個人工作室中自行接案。本研究期望透過深度訪談，經整理分析後，確實了解SOHO族甦活背後的壓力，了解其工作型態，並以其他國家對於自由工作者（freelancer）的勞動制度保障，比較我國現行相關社會保障與制度，由文獻探討與訪談結果歸納，研究發現SOHO群族除了收入不穩定、工作時間過長，更是缺乏對社會保險制度的認識，恐導致就業安全保障不足。故針對研究結論提出以下政策建議：\n\n一、鼓勵自由工作者加入職業工會參加勞工保險，並輔導職業工會提供就業安全、工作安全衛生、勞權講座等課程訓練。\n二、加強落實營業登記。\n三、將自營作業者納入就業保險及擴大其他勞動政策適用範圍。\n四、加強政府相關補助措施之宣導，積極推廣校園勞動教育。

In the era of knowledge-based society, knowledge workers with proficiency in a specific area have become the core worker now. With the progress of technology and the changing of work values and organizational structure and the widespread outsourcing, small office home office (SOHO) which is different from the traditional work pattern, allows people to work from home through internet. No matter the working hours or locations are not limited so that flexible working arrangements and the new lifestyle are now available. A full-time SOHO is self-employed, and highly flexible working patterns makes workers able to create the ideal autonomy in the workplace. SOHO usually gives an impression of freedom and leisure. However, there is a lot of pressure for SOHO to be faced with under that kind of impressions. The focus of recent research has been on the status, development and the work patterns of SOHO, but there has been less attention paid to their working rights which is the main focus of this study.\n\nThis study describes the definition and background of SOHO and some experiences shared by people who are running their SOHO business, then focuses on their pressure and working rights. Subjects are SOHO persons in cultural and creative industries, because they are more likely to resist being restricted by organization. They work on a piecework basis from home or personal studio by their own ability, so they need to communicate with owner in all manner of ways by themselves as well. The purpose of this paper is to know exactly about the pressure they are faced with and their work style through in-depth interviews, and compares Taiwan’s policies of labor rights of freelancer with foreign countries. According to the results of literature review and interviews, it shows that unstable income, excessive work hours and lack of information about social insurance system may lead to insufficient protection of employment security systems. Here are some suggestions for policies of labor rights of SOHO persons/ freelancer:\n\n1. Encouraging SOHO persons/ freelancer to join occupational unions and participating in the labor insurance, guiding occupational unions to offering training about employment security, occupational safety and health and labor rights,\n2. Implement of business registration,\n3. Expanding the coverage of employment insurance program and other labor policies for SOHO persons/ freelancer,\n4. Spreading awareness of relevant subsidy measures and promoting labor education on campus actively.