亞洲國家對於信用卡管理規範之比較

Abstract

信用卡在全球各地已運作數10年，在臺灣亦屬成熟及普遍的支付工具，但近10多年來亞洲國家日本、新加坡及臺灣均陸續推動信用卡相關改革措施，改革內容均致力於防止過度負債，包括在發卡審核、信用卡額度、利率上限及資訊揭露等方面均有新監理措施。\n\n鑒於亞洲國家的文化背景及交易習慣有其相近之處，且鄰近國家日本及新加坡的信用卡發展在1960或1970年開始，時間與臺灣接近，加以該二國家的消費金融市場發達，其金融監理政策亦常做為臺灣參考對象之一，爰本論文以日本、新加坡及臺灣之信用卡管理規範之比較作為研究範疇。\n\n本論文首先回顧臺灣、日本及新加坡的信用卡發展沿革，以及分析這三個國家近10多年來信用卡發卡量、簽帳金額、循環信用餘額及簽帳金額占民間消費之比率等信用卡市場變化情形。接著說明臺灣、日本、新加坡的信用卡管理規範，並從避免落入過度負債的相關措施，包括「信用卡利率上限」、「個人無擔保債務限額」、「風險評估管理及徵信機制」及「行銷及廣告限制」四大管理面向著手，進行三個國家信用卡管理規範的比較及研析，最後提出結論及政策建議事項。

Credit card has been in operation around the world for decades, which is also a mature and popular means of payment in Taiwan. However, there are many Asian countries such as Japan, Singapore and Taiwan that have been gradually reforming credit card related regulations over the past 10 years. The common goal of the reform is to prevent over indebtedness. To achieve this goal, new supervision measures such as Assessment Process to Issue Credit Cards, Credit Limit of Credit Cards, Interest Rate Ceilings and Information disclosure have been taken.\n\nIn view of the similarities of cultural background and trading habits of Asian countries, and the timing of the establishment and development of credit card in Taiwan is close to neighboring countries such as Japan and Singapore which is around 1960 to 1970. Furthermore, due to the well developed markets of consumer finance of these two countries, their financial supervision policy frequently become one of the reference objects of Taiwan. So this thesis aims to compare the credit card supervisory regulations among Japan, Singapore and Taiwan.\n\nFirst of all, this thesis reviews the evolution and development of credit card in Taiwan, Japan, and Singapore, and analyzes the changes in the credit card market in these three countries over the past decade, such as Card Number, Card Billings , Revolving Balance, and Credit Card Bills to Personal Consumption Expenditure Ratio. Next, it explores the credit card supervisory regulations in terms of measures to avoid falling into over indebtedness in these three countries, including four aspects of management: "credit card Interest Rate Ceilings", "Unsecured Debt Burden Ratio ", "Consumer’s Creditworthiness Assessment and Management" and "Marketing and Advertising Regulations". After comparing and analyzing the credit card supervisory regulations among these three countries, this thesis puts forward research findings and policy recommendations in the final part.