烏克蘭頓巴斯戰爭的人道主義之研究

Abstract

隨著頓巴斯戰爭的持續燃燒，烏克蘭頓巴斯地區的人道危機，以及俄羅斯境內的難民問題也隨之生成與擴大。儘管，俄羅斯自始自終否認各項介入烏克蘭內政與入侵烏克蘭領土的指控，但不論是戰爭的緣起、還是人道危機與難民問題的生成、抑或是救助行動的發起，皆與俄羅斯的作為習習相關。是以，當俄羅斯成為該地區最大救助與接收國時，本文主要研究動機與目的亦油然而生，也就是試圖解答俄羅斯在其中的人道主義立場。透過對頓巴斯戰爭的歷史緣由、俄羅斯在頓巴斯地區的人道干預，以及俄羅斯對烏克蘭難民的政策規定的探討與分析，本文得出，俄羅斯對頓巴斯地區的所作所為，皆出自其對烏克蘭這片土地與歐亞大陸的長久關注與執著，並在西方的催化下加速行動，而為了達到其文明整合戰略與地緣政經平衡的目標，俄羅斯則藉由人道主義價值的軟實力輸出，進而向國際社會表達其行為的正當性與合法性。

As the War in Donbass rages on, the humanitarian crisis in Donbass, Ukraine and the problem of refugees in Russian emerged and continued to worsen. Despite the fact that Russian has always denied various accusations of intervention in Ukraine’s internal affairs and invasion of Ukraine’s territory, the origin of the war, the emergence of humanitarian crisis and refugee problems, and the initiation of relief actions are all related to Russia’s behaviors. Therefore, the development of circumstances in which Russia became the country in that region that provided most relief and received most refugees contributed to the development of the major research motivation and objectives of this study. Specifically, this study aimed to clarify Russia’s humanitarianism stance in the War in Donbass. By analyzing the history and the causes of the War in Donbass, Russia’s humanitarian intervention in Donbass, and Russia’s policy toward Ukraine refugees, this study discovered that Russian’s actions in Donbass were all out of its long-term attention and fixation with Ukraine and Eurasia. Under the catalysis of the West, Russia sped up its actions. To achieve its strategy of cultural integration and its goal of reaching geopolitical and economical balance, Russia utilized the output of humanitarianism values as a soft power to demonstrate its legitimacy and legality to the international society.