論趙采《周易程朱傳義折衷》 折衷程、朱《易》及治《易》特色

Abstract

元代《易》家趙采著有《周易程朱傳義折衷》，相較董真卿從體例會通程、朱《易》，趙采則重內容的合會。在版本上選擇程《傳》以傳附經的體例，且同傳世本程《傳》未附〈繫辭傳〉等傳文。趙采除了闡發程、朱說法，並藉由為後人忽視的朱子說法，指出朱子並未反對漢《易》互體、納甲等釋象方式，對卦爻辭取象多所解釋，對朱子卦變說的爭議提出說明，並提出各卦僅有一卦變的主張。在個人特色部分，指出整部《易》的象數與義理是緊密關聯的，尤重陽九與義理扶陽抑陰、《易》為君子謀的關聯。趙采肯定程、朱《易》，並加以開展，發揚兼重象數與義理的觀點，不僅羽翼程、朱《易》學有功，對《易》的研究亦有其貢獻，其重要性應予正視。

Zhao Cai, the Yijing commentator in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote the Zhouyi Chengzhu Chuanyi Zhezhong (《周易程朱傳義折衷》). Compared with Dong Zhenqing, who achieved mastery of Cheng Yi`s and Zhu Xi`s (＂Cheng-Zhu＂) commentaries on the Yijing through converging different styles, Zhao`s path was through converging the content. Zhao chose the version of the Yijing which followed the style of appending the original annotations to interpret the Yijing as in Yichuan`s Commentaries on the Yijing, (Yichuan Yizhuan, 程《傳》, Cheng Zhuan) as well as the extant version of Cheng Zhuan without the ＂Treatise on the Appended Remarks＂ (＂Xici Zhuan,＂ 〈繫辭傳〉) or other annotations. Zhao not only elucidated Cheng-Zhu`s commentaries, but also valued part of Zhu Xi`s commentaries ignored by the later generations. By doing so, he was able to point out that Zhu did not object to the ways by which commentators of the Han dynasty interpreted the images in Yijing using theories such as interlocked hexagrams or najia. Zhao illustrated how Zhu obtained images for the hexagram statements (guaci, 卦辭) and the line statements (yaoci, 爻辭). He also commented on the debates around Zhu`s theory on the directionality of changing hexagrams, and proposed only one change for each instance of hexagram change. The distinctive characteristics of Zhao Cai`s interpretation included pointing out the close relationship between number and image (xiangshu, 象數) and meaning pattern (yili, 義理), and exploring the relationship between the yang nine (yang jiu, 陽 九) and meaning pattern of nurturing Yang and Suppressing Yin (fuyang yiyin, 扶陽抑陰) and Yijing`s tendency to support the Superior Man (wei junzi mou, 為君子謀). Zhao Cai affirmed Cheng-Zhu`s interpretations of the Yijing study and developed and promoted the viewpoint that number and image and meaning pattern were equally important. He made contributions not only on advancing the understanding of Cheng-Zhu`s theories on the Yijing, but also on the overall study of the Yijing. The importance of Zhao`s contributions should be properly recognized.