日本語の「依頼使役文」の非対格性検証能力－テモラウ構文の統語的制約－

Abstract

為了證明動詞的非對格性，學者們提出了各種的檢驗方法。影山（1996）針對「Ｎ ni Ｖ shitemorau」依賴使役句（temorau構文）的Ｖ（動詞）部分，指摘出非對格動詞無法出現在依賴使役句中，提出了「依賴使役句的檢驗法」。但是，影山所主張的「依賴使役句的檢驗法」，筆者認為有下列２個問題點。\\r\r\n1. 誠如竹林（1998）等學者的指摘，依賴使役句中動作的主事者（Ｎ）若為有生命名詞組時，Ｖ即使是非對格動詞也能出現在依賴使役句中。\r\n2. 依賴使役句除了可表示恩惠外，在「tewa構文」中也可以表示被害。\r\n此外，高見‧久野（2002）的論文中全面否定影山的主張，指摘出「依賴使役句中動作的主事者（Ｎ）若為無生命名詞組時，Ｖ即使是非對格動詞也能出現在依賴使役句中」，但筆者認為高見‧久野的主張也必須稍作修改。因為，高見‧久野的論文中所列舉的例句，全都是表示假定願望的從屬子句，且表示假定願望表現的句中可出現各種從屬子句。\\r\r\n基於上述理由，筆者認為無法用動詞的非對格性檢驗日語的依賴使役句。

The unaccusativity of verbs has been argued for years in kinds of ways to verify. Kageyama(1996) suggests that in ‘-temorau’ construction; i.e., N ni V shiteimorau, no unaccusative verb ever appear in terms of his original test on the request-causative construction. Yet there remains some insufficiency, which I shall argue through the two following points.\r\n(1) As Takebayashi(1998) pointed, the unaccusative verb may appear in the ‘-temorau’ construction if the embedded actor NP is [+animated].\r\n(2) ‘-Temorau’ Construction can be benefactive also adversative as well.\r\nThere is also an argument set out by Takami & Kuno(2002) in which the unaccusative verb may exist even if the embedded actor NP is [-animated], which apparently stands against Kageyama’s viewpoints. I assume that the argument needs to be revised because all the embedded actor NPs in ‘-temorau’ construction appear in subjunctive clauses that many kinds of constructions beyond ‘-temorau’ can be embedded.\r\nWe may conclude, therefore, the verification of the request-causative construction is invalid to verify the unaccusativity of verbs.