意識形態與中國居民的環保態度

Abstract

大量文獻證明意識形態的分歧會對人們的環保態度產生顯著影響，美國的「左／自由派」人士有著更加積極的環保態度。但是很少有人去討論這種意識形態的影響在中國又是如何。由於中國國情的特殊性，中國的意識形態「左—右」的分野與美國有著重大差異，這也給意識形態對環保態度影響的探究帶來了複雜性。利用CGSS2010的數據，本研究發現，意識形態「左—右」的分野的確會對中國居民的環保行為產生影響。不過，由於中國的「威權環保主義」策略，意識形態「左—右」的對立並沒有成為影響人們環保態度的最重要的意識形態分歧，反而是「威權主義—自由主義」這一意識形態光譜上的區分成為中國居民的環保態度的顯著預測因素，即「自由主義」的立場越強，包括環保支出意願、環保行為在內的整個環保態度越消極。但這種消極態度可能更多是對「威權環保主義」治理策略的質疑，相對的，在保護環境、節約資源成為中國基本國策的背景之下，偏向「威權主義」的人表現出了相對積極的環保態度。本研究也說明了，意識形態對環保態度的影響在不同政體的國家有著不同的作用機制。

A large number of studies have proved that political ideology has a significant impact on people`s environmental attitudes. In the U.S., leftists/ liberals have more environmental concern than rightists/conservatives. However, researchers paid only scant attention on how political ideology affect Chinese people`s environmental attitudes. As a one-party state, the political ideology divergence on ＂left-right＂ in China is different from what is in America and what means ＂left＂ in such two countries are not the same. Thus, it becomes complex to examine how the political ideology affects China`s citizens` environmental attitudes. Employing data from CGSS2010, the research examined the political ideology divide and their effects on people`s environmental attitudes in China. Due to the authoritarian environmentalism in China, results documented that there is significant impact of the political ideology divide in environmental attitudes, but the ideological division on environmental attitudes in China is primarily split between authoritarian and libertarian. The left-right ideology divides contributes just on pro-environmental behaviors. However, the stronger the position of ＂liberalism,＂ the more negative the overall environmental protection attitude. Since environmental affairs is related to the redistribution of social resources, when the government takes ＂authoritative＂ means to carry out environmental protection measures, it will inevitably lead to opposition from ＂liberals.＂ There is a conclusion that ideology does have an impact on environmental attitudes, but it has different mechanisms in different countries.