不同感恩類型對創造力之影響：以調整焦點動機為調節變項

Abstract

本研究的目的在於釐清不同感恩類型於提升創造力的差異，並檢驗調整焦點動機的調節效果。研究採單因子受試者間設計，將116位大學生隨機分派為顯而易見之恩、觀察可見之恩、逆境可見之恩及中性狀況四組，並進行調整焦點特質量表及新編創造思考測驗。其中新編創造思考測驗包含語文及圖形測驗，兩者皆包含「流暢力」、「變通力」及「獨創力」三指標，惟圖形測驗多了「精進力」指標。研究結果有：一、「顯而易見之恩」在創造力四個指標（圖形測驗總分、語文測驗總分、語文測驗的流暢力、變通力）皆顯著高於其他三組；二、調整焦點動機中，「預防焦點動機」對於「顯而易見之恩」與語文測驗的「獨創力」之間具調節作用。本研究結論為：感恩類型中以顯而易見之恩能提升個體部分創造力，且在顯而易見之恩狀況下，預防焦點動機愈低，獨創力愈高。本研究未來可運用於研究及實務，並可進一步提供產學合作（如感恩、創造力課程）的重要參考。

Purpose: To clarify the discrimination of the effect of different kinds of gratitude on creativity, and to survey the moderation effect of the regulatory focus motivation. Methods: One-way ANOVA was employed. The participants in this study were 116 Taiwanese college students who were randomly assigned to four groups (Group 1. intuitive gratitude toward direct help, Group 2. thoughtful gratitude toward indirect benefit, Group 3. reflective gratitude toward growth in frustration-overcoming and Group 4. neutral one) before taking the creativity test with verbal and pattern part. Both parts include three index scores, fluency, flexibility, and originality, except the pattern part is also including the elaboration score. Results: (1) Group 1 perform better than other groups significantly, especially on the aggregate in verbal and pattern parts, also the fluency and flexibility scores in the verbal part. (2) prevention focus motivation moderated group 1 and creativity, especially the originality scores in verbal part, in group 1 condition, the lower people’s prevention focus motivation is, the higher the originality scores they get. Conclusions: The intuitive gratitude toward direct help can enhance people’s creativity better than other kinds of gratitude, also the moderation effect of prevention focus motivation. The result can be used as a reference for the research and practice of gratitude and creativity intervention in the future.