借鏡伊斯蘭保險經營模式討論我國以純網路方式經營相互保險之可能性

Abstract

伊斯蘭金融於近幾年逐漸展露頭角，而伊斯蘭保險亦走入大眾之視野，因傳統保險與伊斯蘭教法有所抵觸，進而有了伊斯蘭保險之產生，雖然其運作模式與傳統保險不甚相同，惟其強調互助之核心精神與相互保險之中心思想不謀而合，從而可以得知伊斯蘭保險實為一種相互保險組織之類型。\n我國自從開放設立純網路銀行後，是否要開放純網路保險便成為一大議題，2019年時香港核發四張純網路保險之執照，我國金融監督管理委員會從消極不欲開放純網路保險轉為持相對積極態度，且對於開放純網路保險提出五大前提，也委外進行研究。惟目前我國網路投保比率偏低，國人仍較仰賴傳統通路購買保險，網路保險市場需求度之問題不容忽視，對此本文先分析主管機關對於開放純網路保險之前提，再討論若開放純網路保險能如何做出市場區隔性，本文欲借鏡伊斯蘭保險經營模式於我國以純網路方式經營相互保險，亦即以「純網路經營」此創新經營模式為銷售通路與「伊斯蘭保險」組織之商業模式，在我國開放設立純網路相互保險公司。由於我國法規並未針對純網路保險設立任何規定，又我國保險法係針對股份制保險公司為規範對象，並不包含相互保險，因此最後本文對於開放設立純網路相互保險公司提出原則性之法律修訂相關建議。

Islamic Finance has developed rapidly in recent years, and Islamic Insurance (hereinafter referred to as “Takaful”) has also caught people`s attention. Because some elements of conventional insurance would violate Shariah, Islam created Takaful to replace conventional insurance. Although the operation modles of Takaful are quite different from conventional insurance, its emphasis on mutual assistance coincides with the central idea of mutual insurance. Hence, Takaful can be deemed as a type of mutual insurance.\nAfter Financial Supervisory Commission (the “FSC”) approved three applications of internet-only banks in 2019, whether or not to open up pure internet insurance has become a major issue. FSC has taken a positive attitude and put forward five essential preconditions for opening up pure internet insurance since Hong Kong government issued four pure online insurance licences in 2019. However, the online insurance coverage rate in Taiwan is still low, and people prefer traditional channels to purchase insurance, so the market demand for online insurance is an important issue to sort out. This paper analyzes five essential preconditions for opening up pure internet insurance first, and then discusses how to make market segmentation if pure online insurance is opened. The paper plans to set up pure online mutual insurance companies in Taiwan by drawing lessons from Takaful business models. Since there are no Taiwan laws and regulations stipulating pure online insurance, and mutual insurance cannot apply the insurance law in Taiwan, this paper puts forward several principled suggestions concerning establishment of pure online mutual insurance companies.