從遊戲概念看尼采哲學與形上學：啟發自海德格《尼采》書的研究

Abstract

尼采哲學的詮釋始終具有許多爭議，其中重要的爭議點之一，在於部分詮釋者認為，尼采哲學其實應該歸屬於一種形上學，並因此無法脫離其自身強烈批判的虛無主義困境。在本文中，筆者將藉由遊戲概念的詮釋反對這種看法，說明尼采哲學的思想體系與傳統形上學脈絡有所不同，並以此證明尼采哲學自身已經提供了避免虛無主義困局的路徑。\n本文首先會從海德格於《尼采》書中對尼采哲學的詮釋出發。海德格於書中明確的主張尼采哲學屬於一種形上學，並認為權力意志概念作為尼采哲學的核心，所展現出的意義是人類對一切存有者無條件的宰制。接著以海德格對尼采哲學的分析脈絡為對比，筆者則會以遊戲概念為主軸的詮釋為尼采哲學辯護。筆者將進一步主張，藉由對遊戲概念的探討，可以發現尼采其實在其哲學思考中，重新釐清「存有」、「主體」等傳統形上學當中的核心概念，並且讓傳統形上學中存有與生成、主體與行動的二元對立關係，在遊戲當中被解消，而得以共同開展出具體生命在世存有的意義。

The interpretations of Nietzsche’s philosophy always have a lot of controversy. Some interpreters read Nietzsche’s philosophy as a form of traditional metaphysics, which Nietzsche himself strongly criticizes as nihilistic. In this thesis, I argue against such a reading by suggesting a different interpretation of Nietzsche’s philosophy that focuses on the concept of play. This interpretation shows the difference between Nietzsche’s philosophy and the traditional metaphysics, proving that Nietzsche’s philosophy provides a unique way to avoid the problem of nihilism.\nI begin by first reviewing Heidegger’s interpretation of Nietzsche in his work Nietzsche. Heidegger suggests Nietzsche`s philosophy is metaphysics because the concept of will to power, as the core of Nietzsche`s philosophy, exhibits the meaning of Man’s unconditional dominion over all beings. I then argue that this is problematic and introduce my interpretation of Nietzsche that focuses on the concept of play. This interpretation shows how Nietzsche redefined the core concepts of traditional metaphysics such as “being” and “subject” in his thinking. Further, I argue that, with the concept of play, Nietzsche’s philosophy can dissolve the traditional metaphysical dichotomies of being and becoming, and of subject and action, and unfold the meaning of concrete life that is being in the world.