美國對於中美洲移民政策與作為之研究

Abstract

本文將分析美國對於中美洲國家的移民政策與其作為。藉此，學生欲檢視並分析比爾．柯林頓 (Bill Clinton) 總統截至唐納．川普 (Donald Trump) 總統時期，美國政府制定移民政策的重要因素以及未來美國與中美洲在雙邊關係以及移民面向上的發展。其中，本文會以中美洲國家薩爾瓦多為例，透過三個層次的分析：個人、國家以及國際，探討背後的歷史脈絡與決策考量。\n在個人分析上，本文著重於決策者 （美國總統） 的成長背景與個人理念如何去影響移民政策的制定。國家分析則聚焦在美國政府內部對於移民政策影響深厚的決策機構，舉例而言，美國國會、美國國土安全局以及美國司法部如何限制決策者以及移民。最後的國際層次會重視國際組織、國際環境以及薩國內部如何應對美國的中美洲移民政策。\n學生將透過反思美國移民政策在過去人道援助、國土安全乃至現今經濟社會因素的思辨下，未來薩爾瓦多移民該何去何從，以後美國政府又該注意什麼。

This thesis wishes to analyze the United States’ immigration policy behavior towards Central American countries. As a result, the most important factors that influence past presidents’ (from president Bill Clinton to president Donald Trump) immigration policies and their respective impacts on the bilateral relations and immigration with Central American countries will be examined. Among cases, I have chosen El Salvador as a case study and will use a three-image analysis (individualistic, domestic, and international) analytical framework to better understand the historical context and the concerns of decision makers.\nIn regards to the individualistic analysis, this thesis will focus on the background and personal belief of each decision maker (the U.S presidents) and how those elements affect the policy making of the immigration policy. On the domestic level, I will emphasize on the crucial institutions that shape these policies. For example, the Congress, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Justice, and how they each put a constraint on policy makers and immigrants alike. Lastly, on the international level, I will discuss the international organizations, the globe, and how El Salvador react to the US’ immigration policy towards Central America.\nThis thesis wishes to reflect upon what the forthcoming concerns for the U.S government are and the future of the immigrants from El Salvador under the past concerns of humanitarian aid, homeland security, and the current social-economic factors, which have shaped the U.S’ immigration policy throughout the years.