我國純網路銀行獲利模式之研究

Abstract

全球各國早已行之有年的純網路銀行（internet-only bank），在我國主管機關的政策推動下，終於在2021年第一季迎來「樂天國際商業銀行」及「連線商業銀行」二家純網路銀行的誕生，期待能透過純網路銀行新型態的營運模式及金融科技應用，刺激傳統銀行以及整體金融環境提升創新能力，以因應國際數位化發展浪潮，增加我國金融競爭實力。\n然在我國傳統銀行overbanking及近年極力發展數位金融業務的競爭環境下，純網路銀行必須建構不同傳統銀行的嶄新客戶體驗，才能獲得消費者的青睞。其次，傳統銀行獲利來源的競爭優勢是架構在實體分行通路擁有廣大客戶基礎及營運規模上，並綜觀全球純網路銀行發展至今已逾25年，多數銀行仍處於虧損狀態，故我國純網路銀行如何透過不同股東背景所擁有跨產業生態圈創造差異化商機，以及創新的獲利模式實現獲利，將是其開業後面臨的最大挑戰。\n本研究首先就純網路銀行及獲利模式的定義做說明，再來探討國際純網路銀行發展歷程及成功獲利的個案，並分析我國銀行業經營現況、數位帳戶發展現況、數位金融消費者樣態及我國主管機關對純網路銀行之政策與監理，對純網路銀行的機會與挑戰，最後對我國純網路銀行之獲利模式提出建議。

Internet-Only Banks which has been prevailing for many years in international markets before Taiwan government could grant such licenses this spring in 2021 for two banks, “Rakuten International Commercial Bank Co., Ltd.“ and “LINE Bank Taiwan Limited.. Which is expected to inspire the traditional banks and the nation-wide financial environment to elevate their innovational capabilities so as to master surfing the stream of global digitalization development as well as to strengthen Taiwan`s financial competitiveness the world.\nHowever, in the competitive environment of overbanking of Taiwan`s traditional banks and the vigorous development of digital banking services in recent years, Internet-only Banks must construct brand-new customer experiences of different traditional banks in order to attract customers. Secondly, the competitive advantage of traditional banks` profit comes from the physical branch channels with their mass customers. Most current Internet-only Banks in the world are still at a loss after 25 years operation already. Therefore, Taiwan`s Internet-only Banks how to create some differentiated business opportunities through the cross-industry ecosystem owned by different shareholder backgrounds and realize profit through innovative profit models will be the biggest challenge it faces after opening.\nThis research first explains the definition of Internet-only Bank and profit model, followed by an investigation into the development of world-wide internet-only banks and studies of some successful cases. Then there is the analysis on Taiwan`s banking industry current situation, status of digital account development, patterns of digital financial customers, and Taiwan government`s policies and supervision of Internet-only Banks. Lastly, made recommendations on the profit model of Taiwan`s Internet-only Banks.