臺灣棋藝推廣、競賽與社交：以圍棋與象棋為例（1930-1951）

Abstract

日治時期臺灣從1920年代起，以麻雀、象棋與圍棋為代表的棋牌類娛樂大行其道。1930年代，棋類娛樂在本島上流階層社交圈與報章雜誌的出現頻率大幅增加，愛好者的數量亦有所增加。\n象棋的愛好者以林獻堂為代表，愛好者們與臺灣新民報、霧峰一新會、中央書局等文化政治組織有所關連。愛好者們從1933到1936年舉辦一年一度的全島象棋競賽，並邀請中國棋手林奕仙訪臺。然而在林獻堂於1937年離開臺灣後，象棋愛好者們失去主導者，熱烈的競賽終不復再現。\n1930年代，臺灣的圍棋愛好者包含數以千計的日人與數以百計本島人，1931年與1935年的《臺灣碁客名鑑》顯示，全臺灣與臺北、臺中、高雄等地圍棋愛好者的總數都有所增加。台灣中南部較早出現本島的職業棋士，臺北的黃水生則較晚晉升。職業棋士們常與文人們有所接觸，以林獻堂為例，他曾歡迎日人與本島職業棋士前來拜訪、指導棋藝。\n戰後臺灣經歷主權轉移後，本省上流階層減少從事棋藝活動的頻率，吳新榮是最典型者。卻經常可見外省人接觸圍棋的現象。1951年「中國圍棋會」在臺復會時，會中成員以外省籍為多。不過，本省的愛好者黃水生繼承日本的圍棋制度，並被棋手們採納，是為日本制度的留存。

There were lots of people, more than the early period of Taiwan under Japan rule, who liked to play Mahjong, Chinese chess or Go in 1920s. In 1930s, More and more Upper class people like to play Chinese chess and Go which were played from ancient time. Much more news of Chinese chess and Go appeared at Newspaper.\nLin Hsien-tang was the most famous Chinese chess amateur in Taian in 1930s, and there were lots of Chinese chess amateurs related to culture association like Taiwan New People Newspaper （臺灣新民報）, Wufeng I-sin Association and Central Bookstore（中央書局） and os on. Amatuers of Chinese chess held Taiwan Chinese chess open championship from 1933 to 1936, they also invited Chinese chess player from Chinese mainland visited Taiwan. However, after Lin Hsien-tang left Taiwan in 1937, there were no more competitions, upper class people also didn’t play Chinese chess more fanatically or frequently before 1937.\nMoreover, there were thousands of Japanese and Taiwanese who were amateur of Go in Taiwan in 1930s.In two edition of ”The List of Go player in Taiwan”published in 1931 and 1935, the amount of Go amateurs in Taiwan, Taipei, Taichung and Kaohsiung increased. The first three Taiwanese professional Go players all came from central or southern Taiwan, Huang shuei-sheng（黃水生） who came from Taipei also became a professional Go player later. People in upper class, for example, Lin Hsien-tang, contacted with Japanese or Taiwanese professional Go player, and they learned Go to these Professional Go players .\nAfter the World War two, Republic of China gained regime of Taiwan, and Taiwanese upper class people,for example, Wu Sin Rong（吳新榮）, reduced to play Chinese chess or Go with their friend. However, there were lots of amateur of Go came from the mainland of China arrived at Taiwan, when “Chinese Go Association” founded in 1951, the members from the mainland of China was much more than those from Taiwan. However, Huang shuei-sheng（黃水生）, one Taiwanese Go amateur learned rules and system of Go that from Japanese, Chinese amateur also acknowledge these rules and system. This event means the rules and system of Go in 1951 had something similar to that in Taiwan under Japan rule.