Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137001
題名: OTT浪潮下視訊平臺規管趨勢與法規架構調適之探討-以有線電視與中華電信MOD為重心
REGULATORY TREND OF VIDEO PLATFORMS AND THE ADAPTION OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK UNDER THE IMPACT OF OTT-FOCUSING ON CATV AND CHUNGHWA TELECOM MOD
作者: 黃睿迪
Huang, Juei-Di
貢獻者: 劉定基
Liu, Ting-Chi
黃睿迪
Huang, Juei-Di
關鍵詞: 有線電視
數位匯流
MOD
OTT
OTT TV
規管趨勢
數位匯流
視訊平臺
管制調和
日期: 2021
上傳時間: 2-Sep-2021
摘要: 在有廣法層層疊加而來各類型管制措施,以及主管機關經常以多項附負擔許可的有線電視系統股權轉受讓、經營權變更等案件,構築起極為嚴密的有廣法管制體系,但在總體的視訊平臺管制措施中,卻同時另外存在著經人為改造為開放平台、管制強度顯不相當的IPTV,也就是在既有的視訊平臺法規中,長期存在著管制錯置產生的空隙,同時OTT TV並未受法規規範的現象 ,也就是說,我國的視訊平臺法制規管措施,同時間存在著管制嚴防(有廣法)、管制錯置(電信法/電信管理法)與管制真空(OTT TV)的三種情形。\n\n對於現行有廣法的法規調和,對於時移勢異之後黨政軍條款,就其管制目的與管制必要性而言,理應回歸政黨法與預算法的管理,從源頭節制政黨或政府不當介入媒體經營,並放寬適切比例容許上限,避免阻斷視訊平臺獲得正當資金挹注經營、引入活水的機會,並且不再無端讓有線電視系統經營者與管制者一再陷入無心落入違法與執法與否的困局,並且能夠讓有意進行有線電視產業間相互投資或併購整合者,能夠「開大門、走大路」,以系統經營者投資其他系統經營者身份向主管機關提出申請,不再需要為了避免誤觸黨政軍條款,致使正當投資受到無謂影響(有廣法第12條第1項第5款參照),設計繁複多層的投資架構,卻因而同時架空有廣法第24條第3項之水平結構等管制條文,同時解開黨政軍條款之束縛,亦有助解決同屬線纜視訊平臺的MOD被迫移往電信管理法、抽離其排頻權的人為干預機制設計,作為回歸線纜視訊平臺法制架構管理的第一步。\n\n而長年規範有線電視產業的費率管制與頻道異動管制措施,在未來的法規調和上亦可考慮適時放寬。其中價格管制措施長年實施的結果,不僅造成有線電視產業與頻道事業營收規模受限,無法將市場營收擴大,同時管制價格措施,不易鼓勵業者自主提出創新服務,間接造成有線電視面臨業內競爭時,無心思考服務差異化作出市場區隔,競相以遠低於營運成本的價格競爭方式流血下殺,加劇有線電視產業的空洞化,因而無力再進行其他網路建設、頻道採購或發展創新服務等業務;同時,費率上限管制(600元門檻)的產業僵固化,更是影響內容產業無法取得足夠的營運資金,以及新進頻道事業難以與既有頻道競爭極為有限收視費收入的關鍵。本文建議,未來若經地方或中央主管機關認定某一有線電視經營區係屬有效競爭區域,基於費率管制目的係避免獨占或寡占市場者濫用訂價權,影響消費者權益之考量,如該經營區域已有足適競爭者,即可考慮以競爭代替管制,解除收視費之費率管制機制,鼓勵更多業者參進市場,提供消費者更多視訊平臺選擇,同時不再限制費率上限,開放業者自行評估其費率組合,自主提出各式收視組合,引入更多高價值頻道,亦可鼓勵內容業者投資優質節目。\n\n而另一重大管制行政措施即為頻道異動管制,現行有廣法以營運計畫變更作為管制有線電視系統需經許可始得調整頻道組合的設計機制,容有節制視訊平臺業者不得任意變更頻道組合,而可在獨占寡占市場保護維持競爭秩序與保護消費者的本意,但長期以來也造成行政機關無可避免涉入商業談判的情形,因此,如未限制競爭疑慮或無不正競爭行為的前提下,應可開放業者自行評估推出頻道組合商品向市場銷售,短期內如考慮開放政策可能對既有頻道事業之家戶觸達率產生衝擊,而影響頻道事業廣告收益時,亦可考慮先行開放現行80頻位之後的基本頻道變更申請,改採備查制,待相關產業與交易市場逐漸熟悉與建立交易慣例後,逐步開放有效競爭區域之前80頻位由業者自行排頻,帶動市場活絡與競爭。\n\n此外,基於有線電視與MOD兩者屬於同一市場事實的特性,對於現行有廣法與電信管理法各自管理不同視訊平臺的既有管制措施,未來應將有線電視與MOD劃歸同一視訊平臺管制法規體系進行管理,作為再管制與視訊平臺法規調和的第一步,並給予有線電視與IPTV平臺更多的經營空間,讓視訊平臺法規在第一步能夠適度減輕管制力道、縮小至必要管制範圍,適時拆解有廣法設下重重阻絕措施的各式限制,減少不必要的干預行政後續引來更為高昂的行政管理成本。\n\n管制機關對於「傳統」(legacy)的視訊平臺產業,雖然累積了豐富管制經驗,熟知如何管理既有的產業與既有管制架構的問題,但是科技變遷衝擊加速的市場急遽變化,帶來了產業界分不易的難題,管制機關也必須同時面對變動中的新興媒體,不斷衝擊既有管制架構,與凸顯出管制法規難以與時俱進適應難題,還有現有視訊平臺的被管制者,一再要求管制機關應該重視管制公平性等議題,都是凸顯了管制轉型的迫切性與必要性。
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描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
法學院碩士在職專班
107961043
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107961043
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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