台灣文化治理的在地實踐： 以大基隆歷史場景再現整合計畫為例

Abstract

文化資產保存與再利用在歐美國家為城市再發展的工具之一，且多以新自由主義下的公私夥伴關係的治理模式進行，強調民間參與的重要性，但在臺灣卻仍可見政府介入的重要性。2016 年後由文化部提出的再造歷史現場計畫，補助各縣市盤整公有文化資產，並進行整建與帶動城鄉發展之用。基隆作為長期發展停滯的城市，藉由再造歷史現場計畫邁向文化治理重要實驗地，當中有治理的行為者及相關政治因素促成此現象為本研究所欲探討。因此本研究的問題有二：一是基隆開啟文化治理受到哪些政治因素的影響？二是則接續前一個問題，進一步探討在大基隆歷史場景整合再現計畫的實踐過程中，其文化治理中有哪些重要行為者進行規劃與決策，以及其如何論述城市的認同與主體性？\n因此本研究藉由訪談參與大基隆歷史場景整合再現計畫之重要規劃決策者 以及曾參與文資保存的文史工作者，瞭解基隆文化治理情況。本研究發現：文化治理政治化現象，可從中央與地方上分別來看。由於民進黨中央在文化治理上對文化資產的重視與相關政策及制度設計，使地方有機會與誘因獲得龐大的經費補助修繕文化資產並進行再利用。而從地方上來說，基隆的地方政治也由於林右昌上台後，市政團隊致力於突破過往市政窒礙難行之問題，積極向中央申請計畫補助外，也持續推動文化先行。因此文化治理不論在地方或中央層級，都受到政黨與政治化的影響。\n其次，地方上，市長林右昌與文化局、都發處為文化治理的三個重要行為者：民進黨籍市長本身挾帶良好的政治前景，獲得中央的重視，也能以翻轉基隆之經驗為其政績添上亮眼成績；同時行政官僚的任用使得計畫能夠執行並成為典範。文化局成為文化治理的主導機關，與過往多以都發處為主導的城市治理有所差異。文化局之目的在於以城市乃至國家記憶、認同為標的；都發處則以塑造城市主體性為訴求。整體而言，突顯政治人物與特定官僚的因素帶動文化治理。也因此，文化治理將受到地方選舉影響，而未能穩定發展；另外計畫的過程缺乏民眾參與管道、也備受考核限制。

The preservation and reuse of cultural heritage is one of the tools for urban redevelopment in European and American countries, and it is mostly carried out under public-private partnership encouraged by neoliberalism. In 2016, Ministry of Culture implemented the Regeneration of Historic Site (RHS) policy. The local cities and counties were subsided to launch inventories and heritage management in order to integrate the development of urban and rural areas. Keelung, a stagnating city, is undergoing city reformation under “The Tagana Story,” one of the projects of RHS policy and serves as a key experimentation model city. Given the fact that a city revives under the influence of certain political circumstances along with the executors’ participation and decisions, this research tries to find out: 1) what are the political factors that influence Keelung`s cultural governance? 2) Who and what makes an important executors of cultural governance, and how these executors establish Keelung’s identity and subjectivity? Decision makers and key participants of heritage preservation are interviewed to understand the cultural governance of Keelung.\nThe study results show that the political factors are significant in cultural governance and can be viewed separately from the central and local dimensions. The fact that the current ruling party, Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), stresses highly their cultural policy positions promotes the evolution of cultural governance system on cultural heritage, opening up opportunities and incentives for local government to obtain large amount of subsidies to manage their cultural assets. After DPP’s Lin Yu-chang came to power, Keelung government has been committed to breaking through the past municipal obstructions. In addition to actively applying for subsidies from the central government, it also prioritizes the foster of culture identity of the city.\nSecondly, not only the mayor, the city Cultural Affairs Bureau and the Department of Urban Development take important part in cultural governance in Keelung city. The promising mayor takes advantage of his political achievements in Keelung to aim at the top of the political hierarchy; the dominant agency, Cultural Affairs Bureau, serves as a curator of collaborative memory and identity of the city and the country; and the Department of Urban Development seeks to shape the subjectivity of the city. In short, these specific individual parties influence the cultural governance of a city, yet are prone to be affected by the turn-taking election system so that the inconsistency of the bureaucracy usually lead to an unsteady development of local cultural governance. In addition, the planning process of the project lacks public participation and is subject to evaluation restrictions.