運用優勢觀點為基礎之團體工作於智能障礙者的增強權能成效探討

Abstract

自立生活代表的是能夠發揮個人的主體性，為自己的生活選擇、決定並負責，而智能障礙者實踐自主的障礙是被視為「弱勢」及「需要被保護」，因而協助智能障礙者提升權能感，強化自我倡導與決定的能力將有助發展自立生活。本研究以單案研究法，以9位成年智能障礙者為對象，採用準實驗設計之時間序列設計，實施8次以優勢觀點為基礎之團體工作後，探討其權能感的變化，研究目的在於：\n一、了解以優勢觀點為基礎之團體工作，對於增強成年智能障礙者權能程度的成效。\n二、觀察與整理優勢觀點團體增強權能之過程與方法。\n三、依據研究結果，就優勢觀點為基礎之團體工作於協助智能障礙者發展自立生活的適用性進行分析與提供建議。\n 研究發現如下：\n一、優勢觀點團體提升了成員的權能分數，但多呈現起伏變化，增強權能的具體表現多聚焦於個人內在權能，社會政治權能的表現最少。\n二、優勢觀點團體工作分別於團體前、團體過程及團體外的時段，運用預先了解成員的特質，活動設計與執行以成員的想望和自主決定為核心，以成員的意見為重並彈性調整團體內容，以優勢取向的語言示範、鼓勵及營造以優勢為中心的環境，以及提供成員所需的個別化支持等五種方法增強權能，其發展過程可分為覺察、碰撞、實踐及展望等四階段。\n三、增強權能的概念內涵同時囊括了自我倡導與自我決定的構成要素，增強智能障礙者的權能亦提升了追求自立生活當中重要的自主性，以優勢觀點團體作為促進智能障礙者發展自立生活的方法，能提供專業工作者清楚的角色指引，並協助智能障礙者突破被視為「缺乏能力」的困境。

“Independent Living” represents people with disabilities live out their life independently—have the right to make choices, make decision and take responsibility for their own life.The obstacles of being independent for adults with intellectual disability is being viewed as vulnerable and in needs of being protected. Therefore, reinforcing the power, the ability of self-advocacy and the ability of self-determination within adults with intellectual disability would help them to achieve the state of independent living more.\nThis study adopted a single-case research. A time-series design method of quasi-experimental design was utilized. Nine adults with intellectual disability joined this study as the subjects. They participated in a Strengths-based group, which applied eight times during four months. A mixed method approach is utilized in the study to explore how the power within the group members changed after the intervention being applied. The purpose of this study are as below:\n1.Investigate the impact of strengths-based group work on empowering adults with intellectual disability.\n2.Figure out the phases and strategies being utilized to empower the group members in the strengths-based group.\n3.Explore the suitability and offer suggestions about utilizing strengths-based group work to help people with intellectual disability fulfill “Independent Living”.\nThe conclusions are as below:\n1.The mean of Empowerment Scale score enhanced after the group members participated in the strengths-based group. The score of Interpersonal dimension enhanced the most. Most of the group members’ behavior observed as empowered is relative to Interpersonal dimension. There is little behavior observed is relative to Social-political dimension.\n2.The process of the group members being empowered can be divided into four phases：“awareness of self and right“,”brainstorming“,“taking action“and“Looking forward to the future”. The study shows timing for utilizing strategies include before the group work being started, during the group work and whenever the group members need.There are five strategies being used in the study as follows：\n(1)Collect the information about the characteristics of the group members at first.\n(2)The group members’ wants and providing opportunity to practice self-determination should be regarded as the foundation of project design.\n(3)Put importance on the group member’s opinion and moderate the agenda any time if needed.\n(4)Use strengths-based sentence in communication to create an strengths-based enviroment.\n(5)Offer every group member the individual assistance when needed.\n3.The components of “self-advocacy”and “self-determination” are included in the concept of “empowerment”. When the power of people with intellectual disability was reinforced, their independence was reinforced, too. Strengths-based group work provide practitioners guildlines about what to do when trying to empower adults with intellectual disability. At last, the study indicates strengths-based group work would make the impression that ”a person with intellectual disability are lack of capacity” being corrected.