象徵強國： 微信公眾號文章的生產與交換

Abstract

2019年出現了一些閱讀量大的政治類微信公衆號文章。既有研究告訴我們審查和宣傳的重要性，而本研究從這些文章的內容以及讀者—作者關係入手，不僅討論文章的閱讀，還有金錢和社會關係的轉變。本文選取了10個個人執筆的公衆號，挑選其在2019年聲量最高的文章以分析論述的方法，尋找它們的主要話題，總結其理論觀點與表達。同時，抓取文章獲得的傳播度與收益的數據，研究這些文章的生產和交換關係和其背後浮現的新生產方式。在經驗材料的配合下，重新討論「意識型態」問題並檢討知識份子的作用，即以地層學的視角與象徵財貨經濟的物質論來統領研究問題，拓寬古典理論的範圍，在該視閾下重新看待國家，另融合現象學視角來看待作者和讀者，並試圖以承認和平等超越象徵暴力關係。微信公衆號中的讚賞作者反可以發展成為一種新的饋贈模式，為無分之分提供有條件的基本收入，也即提供創作的閒暇時間，從而建立起共有的空間，對抗資本主義。

his study aims to tackle the political or opinion articles of the WeChat Public Accounts (WPAs) from the production and the circulation perspective, from the meaning and the economy altogether. Historically speaking, China connected to the world wide web relatively late under stringent state control, and a feudal internet was made by big tech firms and Internet Content Provider (ICP) for a huge profit. I collected articles from ten of the most popular political-opinion-leader WPAs who receive tipping. Those symbolic powerful WPAs get a handsome amount of money (partly by donation) or/and attention from the WeChat users. At the same time, the most widely-read articles used straightforward languages having the states personified to make everything simple and easy to take sides, which makes the real people disappear from the discourse. This research told a story of the concentration and accumulation of the symbolic power of the state. Although the states base themselves on the recognition of free citizens, they work as the real charisma by keeping winning. In the meantime, the concept "ideology" is reconsidered as the non-practical thought of the intellectuals, who do not "live in the truth". So, a new mode of cultural production is proposed as la part des sans-part or multitude get the basic income, which comes from donation, to make artworks, i.e., the disagreement. Therefore, a new kind of non-capitalist world is created to be in the war of position with the capitalist one.