全球化脈絡下東南亞五旬節派教會的跨界與移動:印尼伯特利教會(Gereja Bethel Indonesia)及其在台發展

Abstract

全球化伴隨而來的跨國界移動現象不僅造成身體、資本、貨物的移動，移民在流動過程中帶入的宗教也是值得關注的議題。臺灣自1980年代後期開始經歷一波東南亞四國移工、新住民以及晚近留學生的移入，其宗教信仰也隨著跨國移動而落戶本地，本文以印尼最大的五旬節教派─印尼伯特利教會（Gereja Bethel Indonesia）為個案，並以該會中壢分堂為觀察對象，探討其跨國移動的過程以及本身與全球五旬節／靈恩後設文化相關的教義、儀式、實踐等層面的變與不變。而這些變與不變繫於與母國基督教的社會處境，是全球在地化的體現，本文尤其論及，印尼母國的「潘查希拉」和「存異求同」的國家格言與社會共識以及後蘇哈托時代伊斯蘭的保守轉向，均對臺灣GBI展現的儀式、實踐、改宗事務有著解領域化的牽動和影響。

Globalization, which surges up migration flow and border-crossing, has brought about the circulation of bodies, capitals and goods. At the meantime, religions of migrants could be a significant issue that is worth of study. Since late 1980s, a great wave of immigrants from Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam came to Taiwan for a variety of reasons, some have been here as migrant workers and foreign spouses, and some have come for the reason to study since these past few years. With their immigration, religions once practiced in countries mentioned above were also planted in the local context. Among them, Indonesia has a great population of Muslims, is often than not represented as an Islamic state accordingly, and Indonesian Christians are apparently neglected by the Taiwanese. This essay aims to explore how the largest Pentecostal denomination-Indonesian Bethel Church (Gereja Bethel Indonesia) migrated to Taiwan and its doctrines, rituals and practices that are connected with and derived from Global Pentecostal/Charismatic metaculture by the case study of its Chungli branch. This essay will explore that what is changing and what is unchanged for GBI Taiwan has been connected or aligned with the social context of Christianity in Indonesia, it could be seen as embodiment of Glocalization. Furthermore, this essay refers to ＂Pancasila＂ and ＂Bhinneka Tunggal Ika＂(unity in diversity) as national identity and social consensus, and the ＂conservative turn＂ of Indonesian Islam at Post-Suharto era which has influenced what GBI Taiwan has reflected in rituals, practices, and conversion, which shows a certain type of deterritorialization.