Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/137712
題名: 俄國綠色經濟 : 最佳可行技術政策
Russia`s Green Economy : The Policy of Best Available Techniques
作者: 董靜樺
Tung, Ching-Hua
貢獻者: 魏百谷
董靜樺
Tung, Ching-Hua
關鍵詞: 綠色經濟
最佳可行技術
能源效率
製程技術
永續發展
環境保護
政策制定
汙染排放
Green economy
Best available techniques
Energy efficiency
Process technology
Sustainable development
Environmental protection
Policy formulation
Pollution emission
日期: 2021
上傳時間: 1-Nov-2021
摘要: 經濟環境友善,是時下的重要議題,而經濟活動中的製程技術更與之息息相關。本研究旨在探討能源稟賦國─俄羅斯,其綠色經濟發展現況,與最佳可行技術政策(以下簡稱BAT)之立法與執行。本研究採用文獻分析法,並以2007年,俄國訂定「國家環境日」之時點為分界,進行前後差異比對,利用量化數據與質化成果為整體之論述。\n\n首先,經由資料數據蒐集,採用俄國碳排放量、GDP能源強度,以及該國耗能產業之占比等,進行交互分析。針對歷年數據觀之,俄國碳排放量及GDP能源強度,與他國相比僅能望其項背,在近期只有微幅進步,而在2007年後,無明顯差異。另質化部分,綠色經濟環境則明顯得到改善,政府態度趨於積極,更在2021年6月通過《限制溫室氣體排放及引入碳報告之法案》。為激勵企業轉型,政府提供相關稅賦優惠措施,金融環境面,則針對企業在提升能效與環保行動上,予以貸款優惠及發行綠色債券,並且將CSR指標納入貸款評估。整體而言,俄國就轉型至綠色經濟領域,較以往更為友善。\n\n接著,將俄國BAT政策分為兩部份討論。第一為政策立法過程,從中,可觀察到俄國政治領導力及利益團體,對政策產生之影響。 BAT政策之最終定案,有關政策過渡期、規範客體以及技術標準等,皆明顯放寬。第二,政策成效部分,以俄國熱電BAT─參考文件38號為個案說明,該技術標準雖汰換部份老舊設施,協助產業升級,但與國際新興技術仍存有差距,尚須調整更新。由於歐盟BAT被多國參考採用,因此俄國在推行政策過程中,增加了國際交流與合作機會,此舉將有助於提升其國際影響力。
Developing an environmentally friendly economy is an important issue nowadays, with which process technology in economic activities is considered closely associated. This study aims to explore the green economy development status of Russia, a country with a rich endowment of energy, and analyze the legislation and implementation of its Best Available Techniques (BAT) policy. Using the literature analysis method, this study compares the changes of Russia before and after the establishment of the “National Environment Day” in 2007 and conducts the overall exposition with quantitative data and qualitative results.\n\nFirst, with the data collected, an interactive analysis is made of the items including Russia’s carbon emissions, GDP energy intensity, and the proportion of energy-consuming industries. Historical data revealed that in terms of carbon emissions and GDP energy intensity, Russia was still placed way down the list compared with other countries, with slight progress secured, and that the situation was not found to have a significant improvement after 2007. Qualitatively, the green economic environment had been remarkably improved and the government’s attitude turned to be active. What’s more, the Russian government passed the “Law on the Restriction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and the Introduction of Carbon Reporting” in June 2021. To encourage enterprises to transform, the government has developed relevant tax incentives. In terms of financing, the government grants enterprises green bonds and loan incentives in support of their energy efficiency improvement and environmental protection actions, and incorporates their CSR indicators into loan appraisal. Overall, Russia`s environment is more friendly than before in its transition to a green economy.\n\nNext, this study discusses Russia’s BAT policy on two aspects. The first is the policy legislative process, from which the influence of Russian political leadership and interest groups on the policy can be observed. It can be seen that the final BAT policy was evidently softened in terms of the policy transition period, regulated objects, and technical standards. The second is about policy effectiveness, exemplified by Russian Thermal Power BAT-Reference Document No. 38. Although this technical standard requires the replacement of old facilities and provides assistance in industrial upgrading, it still has a gap between international emerging technology standards and needs to be modified and updated. Moreover, since the EU BAT has been used as a reference by many countries, Russia has increased the opportunities for international exchanges and cooperation in policy implementation, which is expected to enhance its international influence.
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Russian Federation, Worldbank, Retrieved December 18 2020, from:\nhttps://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.KT?end=2016&locations=RU&name_desc=true&start=1960&view=chart\nDirective 2010/75/EU, industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control), Retrieved February 12 2021, from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32010L0075\nEnergy Efficiency Programs Saved 2.5+ bln rubles for the Russian Production, St. Petersburg International Gas Forum, Retrieved July 12 2021, from: https://gas-forum.ru/en/publications/02.10.19/5d94ac50ec62b2942677f0ba/?s=59a53d7bf033a2fe6bff937c\nEnvironmental law and practice in the Russian Federation: overview, Thomson Reuters, Retrieved June 05 2021, from: https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-013-5609?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true\nETS Regulations under consideration in Russia, International Carbon Action Partnership, Retrieved May 22 2021, from: https://icapcarbonaction.com/en/news-archive/608-ets-regulations-under-consideration-in-russia\nEU says no new trade deals with countries not in Paris Agreement, Climate home news, Retrieved March 24 2020, from:https://www.climatechangenews.com/2018/02/02/eu-difficult-imagine-trade-deals-countries-not-paris-agreement/\nExport from Russia «All products» 2018 - 2019, Ru-stat, Retrieved February 12 2021, from: https://en.ru-stat.com/date-Y2018-2020/RU/export/world\nFossil CO2 emissions by country, An official website of the European Union, Retrieved April 12 2021, from:\nhttps://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=booklet2020&sort=des9\nGlobal Green Economy Index (GGEI), Retrieved March 12 2020, from: https://dualcitizeninc.com/global-green-economy-index/index.php#interior_section_link\nGovernment set to revise total number of hectares destroyed during bushfire season to 17 million, Retrieved February 20 2020, from: https://www.9news.com.au/national/australian-bushfires-17-million-hectares-burnt-more-than-previously-thought/b8249781-5c86-4167-b191-b9f628bdd164\nGreen Economy, UNEP, Retrieved July 28 2021, from: https://www.unep.org/regions/asia-and-pacific/regional-initiatives/supporting-resource-efficiency/green-economy\nhttps://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/03/01/world/science-health-world/moscow-winter-weather/\nImplementation Of Best Available Techniques In The Russian Federation: Overview, Alexander Romanov, Retrieved July 28 2020, from:\nhttps://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/documents/2016/AIR/WGSR/PPT_WGSR54/Item_5/5_Russian_Federation_Implementation_of_BAT.pdf\nIncreasing Energy Efficiency and Modernization of Energy Systems in Russia: A Review, Retrieved June 18 2021, from: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/11/3164/htm#B68-energies-14-03164\nLearn about Effluent Guidelines, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Retrieved February 12 2021, from: https://www.epa.gov/eg/learn-about-effluent-guidelines#BAT\nMedvedev offers $200 million in climate financing to needy countries at UN climate talks, Bellona.org, 2009/12/18, Retrieved December 15 2020, from: https://bellona.org/news/climate-change/international-climate-conferences/2009-12-medvedev-offers-200-million-in-climate-financing-to-needy-countries-at-un-climate-talks\nMedvedev, D. , twitter, https://twitter.com/MedvedevRussiaE\nMoscow melts in historic June heat wave, Phys.org, 2021/06/22, Retrieved July 1 2021, from: https://phys.org/news/2021-06-moscow-battered-historic-june.html\nMoscow winter `warmest since records began,` weather service says, Retrieved May 29 2020, from:\nNationally Determined Contribution Of The Russian Federation, Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Russia%20First/NDC_RF_eng.pdf\nOn the U.S. Withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, M. R. Pompeo, Secretary of State, US Department of State, Retrieved February 27 2020, from:https://www.state.gov/on-the-u-s-withdrawal-from-the-paris-agreement/\nPledges And Targets, Russian Federation, CAT, Retrieved December 18 2020, from: https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/russian-federation/pledges-and-targets/\nPlenary session of St Petersburg International Economic Forum, President of Russia, Retrieved May 20 2020, from: http://en.special.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/52178\nPutin ponders climate change in Arctic Russia, Darya Korsunskaya, Reuters, Retrieved December 26 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-climate-putin-idUSTRE67M3G920100823\nQuestions and answers about GIZ, Retrieved May 11 2021, from: https://www.giz.de/en/press/9785.html\nReference documents under other legislative instruments/policy documents, European IPPC Bureau, Retrieved May 12 2021, from: https://eippcb.jrc.ec.europa.eu/bref_other_policy\nResearch · Government Funding, Retrieved May 25 2021, from: https://www.bmu.de/en/topics/research-government-funding/\nRussia and Finland are in search of the best available technologies,2019/11/26, Retrieved June 29 2021, from: http://www.vodokanal.spb.ru/en/presscentr/news/russia_and_finland_are_in_search_of_the_best_available_technologies/\nRussia communicated its first NDC, Platform For Redesign 2020, Retrieved May 12 2021, from: https://platform2020redesign.org/news/3566/\nRussia drafts strategy for low-carbon development, Retrieved May 18 2021, from: https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Russia-drafts-strategy-for-low-carbon-development\nRussia Energy Information, Enerdata, Retrieved July 28 2021, from: https://www.enerdata.net/estore/energy-market/russia/\nRussia Federation/ Current policy projections, Climate Action Tracker, Retrieved April 18 2020, from: https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/russian-federation/current-policy-projections/\nRussia formally submits NDC update to UNFCCC, CAT, Retrieved May 10 2021, from: https://climateactiontracker.org/climate-target-update-tracker/russian-federation/\nRussia will not cut emissions under extended Kyoto climate pact, Nastassia Astrasheuskaya, Reuters, Retrieved May 03 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-kyoto/russia-will-not-cut-emissions-under-extended-kyoto-climate-pact-idUSBRE88C0QZ20120913\nRussia, OECD, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: https://oec.world/en/profile/country/rus/#trade-products\nRussia: Unlocking Opportunities for Green Investments, World bank Retrieved April 10 2020, from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia/publication/russia-unlocking-opportunities-for-green-investments\nRussia’s Energy Strategy to 2035, The Russian Government, Retrieved April 28 2020, from: http://government.ru/en/all/25812/\nRussia’s hottest September ever recorded saw temperatures rise 10 degrees above average, Retrieved December 22 2020, from: https://kyrnews.com/russias-hottest-september-ever-recorded-saw-temperatures-rise-10-degrees-above-average/\nRussia’s Lackluster Record on Climate Change, Samuel Charap, 2010/05/27, Retrieved November 3 2020, from:https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/news/2010/05/27/7761/russias-lackluster-record-on-climate-change/\nRussia’s Thawing Permafrost May Cost Economy $2.3Bln a Year», Retrieved April 12 2020, from:https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/10/18/russias-thawing-permafrost-may-cost-economy-23-billion-a-year-a67800\nRussia`s Putin sees climate deal, but with conditions, Darya Korsunskaya, 2009/11/03, Reuters, Retrieved June 12 2020, from: https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-43621220091102\nSelected results and impacts 2015 – 2019, Retrieved June 28 2021, from: http://www.good-climate.com/materials/files/168.pdf\nSignificant economic and environmental gains can be achieved by applying best available technology in the oil sector in the arctic, Arctic Council, 2020/06/25, Retrieved June 25 2021, from: https://arctic-council.org/en/news/best-available-technology-in-the-oil-sector-in-the-arctic/\nSkepticism to Acceptance: How Putin`s Views on Climate Change Evolved Over the Years, The Moscow Times, Retrieved July 3 2021, from:https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/07/01/skepticism-to-acceptance-how-putins-views-on-climate-change-evolved-over-the-years-a74391\nSouth-East Finland – Russia CBC 2014-2020, Retrieved June 25 2021, from: https://www.sefrcbc.fi/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/South-East-Finland-Russia-CBC-2014-2020-EIA-in-Russia_EN.pdf\nStatement by President Trump on the Paris Climate Accord, Retrieved February 25 2020, from: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-president-trump-paris-climate-accord/\nStatement by Russian Federation at the high level segment of COP16, Retrieved March 15 2020, from:\nhttps://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_16/statements/application/pdf/101209_cop16_hls_russia.pdf\nWorld Competitiveness Center/ Codebook 2018, IMD, Retrieved March 15 2020, from: https://www.imd.org/wcc/world-competitiveness-center-rankings/world-competitiveness-ranking-2018/\n\n三、 俄文\n(一) 專書暨報告\nЕ.Г. Ясин (2012)XIII апрельская международная научная конференция по проблемам развития экономики и общества, высшая школа экономики,национальный исследовательский университет. https://www.hse.ru/data/2013/01/28/1304832701/book4.pdf\n(二)期刊論文\nLanshina, T. & Stepan, Z. (2018) Развитие высокотехнологичного сектора экономики в России / Development of the High-Tech Sector of the Russian Economy, p38, Retrieved May 18 2021, from:\nhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/324669696_Razvitie_vysokotehnologicnogo_sektora_ekonomiki_v_Rossii_Development_of_the_High-Tech_Sector_of_the_Russian_Economy/citations\nБадовский, Дмитрий (2009) Модернизация россии: снова на развилке. Россия в глобальной политике. №3 2009 Май/Июнь https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/modernizacziya-rossii-snova-na-razvilke/\nИванов Владимир Александрович (2015) Анализ энергозатрат в различных отраслях промышленности, Интернет-журнал «Науковедение», Retrieved May 15 2021, from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-energozatrat-v-razlichnyh-otraslyah-promyshlennosti\nРеальный сектор (2021) Промышленность России: итоги кризиса и ситуация в первом квартале 2021 г, Retrieved June 1 2020, from: https://www.hse.ru/pubs/share/direct/document/450451985.pdf\nЮрий Медведев (2009) Климатический триллер-Человек не виноват в глобальном потеплении, Российская газета - Федеральный выпуск № 142(4966), Retrieved December 18 2020, from: https://rg.ru/2009/08/04/poteplenie.html\n(三)官網及網際網路\nАвтоматический контроль выбросов и сбросов на объектах первой категории, Бюро НДТ, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: http://burondt.ru/informacziya/sak/\nБанк «Центр-инвест» выпускает новые зелёные облигации, Ведомости, 2020/12/09, Retrieved April 28 2021, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/press_releases/2020/12/09/bank-tsentr-invest-vipuskaet-novie-zelyonie-obligatsii-\nБудущее рынка устойчивого финансирования в РФ: банки формируют рынок, Эксперт, 2021/3/31, Retrieved April 20 2021, from: https://raexpert.ru/researches/sus_dev/esg2021/\nБюро НДТ, Retrieved June 28 2020, from: http://burondt.ru/\nВ России создается принципиально новое регулирование экономики, основанное на уровне выбросов парниковых газов, Энергетика и промышленность России,03 June 2021, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://www.eprussia.ru/news/base/2021/2700670.htm\nВидеоблог Дмитрия Медведева, 2009/12/14, Retrieved August 12 2020, from: http://blog.da-medvedev.ru/post/53/transcript\nВнедрение передовых финских технологий в России помогает быстрее перейти к безотходной экономике, 2020/07/09, Retrieved June 29 2021, from: https://www.svkk.ru/novosti/vnedrenie-peredovyh-finskih-tehnologij-v-rossii-pomogaet-bystree-perejti-k-bezothodnoj-jekonomike-zamknutogo-cikla/\nВстреча с членами Экспертного совета при Правительстве о повышении эффективности охраны окружающей среды, 2013/06/18, Retrieved May 03 2020, from: http://government.ru/news/2471/\nВся власть рабочим группам: кому нужны бессмысленные заседания, dp.ru, 2021/07/02, Retrieved July 22 2021, from: https://www.dp.ru/a/2021/07/02/v_kontekste_Vsja_vlast_ra\nГлобальные климатические проблемы должны стать стимулом к повышению конкурентоспособности экономики, 2009/12/14, Retrieved December 10 2020, from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/6328\nГосдума приняла закон об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов, ТАСС, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/11525051\nГосдума РФ приняла законопроект об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов и введении углеродной отчетности Энергетика и промышленность России,03 June 2021, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://www.eprussia.ru/news/base/2021/2707386.htm\nДепутаты приняли закон об учете выбросов парниковых газов, российская газета, Retrieved June 22 2021, from: https://rg.ru/2021/06/01/deputaty-priniali-zakon-ob-uchete-vybrosov-parnikovyh-gazov.html\nДля решения экологических проблем необходима единая государственная политика, Retrieved March 25 2020, from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/7871\nДмитрий Медведев обсудил с экспертами варианты экологической реформы в России, 2013/06/18, Retrieved May 25 2020, from: https://open.gov.ru/events/5508290/?sphrase_id=109373\nДоля высоких технологий в экономике России снизилась до уровня 2015 года, 2019/02/06, Ольга Агеева, телеканал, Retrieved June 15 2021, from: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/06/02/2019/5c598ccb9a7947731eea7477\nЕвгений Туголуков: Экологические технологии – это уже не прихоть, а реальное конкурентное преимущество, 2011/10/10, Retrieved April 25 2020, from: http://duma.gov.ru/news/6163/\nЗавершенныеДеловые игры, бюро НДТ,Retrieved March 12 2021, from: http://xn--90ag0adjp3f.xn--p1ai/\nЗакон об ограничении выбросов парниковых газов создаст новое регулирование экономики, Министерство экономического развития Российской Федерации, Retrieved June 10 2021, from: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/news/zakon_ob_ogranichenii_vybrosov_parnikovyh_gazov_sozdast_novoe_regulirovanie_ekonomiki.html\nЗаседание президиума Госсовета по вопросам экологической безопасности , 2011/06/9, Retrieved Octorber 25 2020, from: http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/11519\nКак изменилась за год торговля России с другими странами. Главное, РБК ,2021/02/15, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/15/02/2021/6028f9c79a794754fdb4362e\nКак Проводится Деловая Игра, бюро НДТ, Retrieved May 01 2021, from: http://xn--90ag0adjp3f.xn--p1ai/how_to_participate/\nКлиматически нейтральная хозяйственная деятельность. Внедрение НДТ в РФ, Retrieved July 11 2021, from: http://www.good-climate.com/content/ru/news.php\nКомиссия по модернизации экономики обойдется в 10 млрд руб, Ведомости, 2009/9,18, Retrieved December 18 2020, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2009/09/16/komissiya-po-modernizacii-jekonomiki-obojdetsya-v-10-mlrd-rub\nКомментарии К.А.Степанова на проект ФЗ в редакции от 14.07.2014, 2014/10/6, Retrieved Octorber 08 2020, from: http://ecopalata.ru/?page_id=3587\nКомментарий: Программа Медведева по модернизации и шансы Европы, Инго Маннтойфель, 2009/12/11, Retrieved May 23 2021, from: https://p.dw.com/p/KVZ8\nМедведев рассказал в своём блоге, как бороться с глобальным потеплением, ВЕСТИ RU, 2009/12/14, Retrieved December 10 2020, from: https://www.vesti.ru/amp/article/2030457\nМедведев, Дмитрий FB, https://www.facebook.com/page/175517041850/search/?q=Изменение%20климата\nМеждународный форум «Российская энергетическая неделя», Президент России, 2018/10/03, Retrieved December 25 2020, from: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/58701\nМинистерства экономического развития, http://old.economy.gov.ru/minec/main\nМинистерство природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации, https://www.mnr.gov.ru/\nМинистерство промышленности и торговли Российской Федерации, https://minpromtorg.gov.ru/\nМинистерство экономического развития Российской Федерации, http://www.economy.gov.ru/\nНаилучшие Доступные Технологии, Министерство Природных Ресурсов и Экологии Российской Федерации, Retrieved May 15 2020, from: http://www.mnr.gov.ru/docs/metodicheskie_dokumenty/nailuchshie_dostupnye_tekhnologii/\nНаилучшие Доступные Технологии, Росстандарт, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: https://www.gost.ru/portal/gost/home/activity/NDT\nНаилучшие Доступные Технологии: Вокруг Света За 80 Минут, Бюро НДТ, Retrieved June 25 2021, from: http://burondt.ru/informacziya/novosti/nailuchshie-dostupnyie-texnologii-vokrug-sveta-za-80-minut.html\nО государственном регулировании выбросов парниковых газов и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты российской федерации, федеральный портал проектов нормативных правовых актов, Retrieved May 10 2020, from:\nhttps://regulation.gov.ru/projects#npa=86521\nО производстве и использовании валового внутреннего продукта (ВВП) за 2020 год, Федеральная служба государственной статистики, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B04_03/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d02/18.htm\nОб утверждении критериев отнесения объектов, оказывающих негативное воздействие на окружающую среду, к объектам I, II, III и IV категорий, Retrieved May 10 2020, from: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/420305438\nОб участии России в Парижском соглашении по климату 2019/09/23, ,Retrieved December 19 2020, from: http://government.ru/docs/37917/\nПерезапуск России: контур прорыва, 2010/01/13, Retrieved August 16 2020, from: https://iz.ru/news/357198\nПеречень поручений о дополнительных мерах по стимулированию экономического роста, 2014/05/14, Retrieved May 29 2020, from: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/23900\nПилотное предприятие проекта - Ферзиковский цементный завод ЛафаржХолсим - стал победителем конкурса «Надежный партнер – Экология», Retrieved May 25 2021, from:\nhttp://www.good-climate.com/content/ru/shownews.php?id=478\nПостановление Правительства РФ от 31 декабря 2020 г. N 2398 "Об утверждении критериев отнесения объектов, оказывающих негативное воздействие на окружающую среду, к объектам I, II, III и IV категорий",ГАРАНТ.РУ ,2020/12/31, Retrieved July 01 2021, from: https://base.garant.ru/400167826/\nПравительство Российской Федерации Распоряжение от 13 марта 2019 N 428-р, Электронный фонд, Retrieved July 10 2021, from: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/553884112\nПредседатель Правительства Российской Федерации В.В.Путин провёл совещание «О комплексе мер по улучшению экологической обстановки в России», 2011/03/30, Retrieved July 03 2020, from: http://archive.government.ru/docs/14655/\nПрезидент России, Retrieved July 11 2021, from: http://kremlin.ru/\nПресса России: Медведев не сделал погоды в Копенгагене,BBC, 2009/12/19, Retrieved August 16 2020, from:https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2009/12/091219_rus_press\nПриказ Министерства природных ресурсов и экологии Российской Федерации от 18.04.2018 г. № 154, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: https://cdnimg.rg.ru/pril/156/31/11/51494.pdf\nПрограммы энергоэффективности сэкономили российской промышленности более 2,5 млрд рублей,Expoforum, Retrieved June 12 2021, from: https://expoforum-center.ru/ru/news/programmy-energoeffektivnosti-sekonomili-rossijskoj-promyshlennosti-bolee-25-mlrd-rublej/\nРаспоряжение Правительства РФ от 19 марта 2014 г. № 398-р, Retrieved May 25 2020, from: https://meganorm.ru/Data2/1/4293747/4293747056.htm\nРоссии удалось достигнуть пятилетнего минимума энергоемкости ВВП,Retrieved June 12 2020, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2021/01/17/854381-rossii-udalos\nРоссийский союз промышленников и предпринимателей, https://www.rspp.ru/\nРоссия потеплела к изменению климата, Павел Феденко, BBC, 2009/12/04, Retrieved December 10 2020, from: https://www.bbc.com/russian/russia/2009/12/091204_russia_climate_fedenko\nРоссия: Кремль пересматривает отношение к теме глобального потепления , Иван Овсянников ,Eurasianet, Retrieved June 22 2020, from:https://russian.eurasianet.org/россия-кремль-пересматривает-отношение-к-теме-глобального-потепления\nРоссияне усваивают "зеленые" привычки, Владимир Полканов, 2021/06/23, Retrieved July 05 2021, from: https://www.ng.ru/economics/2021-06-23/100_192423062021.html\nРосстат зафиксировал усиление сырьевой зависимости российской экономики, Ведомости, Retrieved June 1 2021, from: https://www.vedomosti.ru/economics/articles/2020/02/17/823221-rosstat-zafiksiroval-usilenie\nРосстат представляет первую оценку ВВП за 2020 год, Федеральная служба государственной статистики,2021/02/01, Retrieved July 08 2021, from: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/313/document/113015#\nСемь шагов Путина: Кремль представил план технологической революции , 2014/05/24, Retrieved June 05 2020, from: https://www.zakon.kz/4626698-sem-shagov-putina-kreml-predstavil-plan.html\nСредства и производство: промышленность РФ назвали слишком энергозатратной, Retrieved June 28 2021, from: https://iz.ru/1177167/valerii-voronov/sredstva-i-proizvodstvo-promyshlennost-rf-nazvali-slishkom-energozatratnoi\nСтатья 28.1. 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描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
俄羅斯研究所
107263005
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0107263005
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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