積極政治參與的社會互動效應：社群媒體及意見網絡

Abstract

臺灣民眾為什麼積極參與政治？意見分歧的社會互動情境有利於公民積極參與政治嗎？尤其社群媒體普及化在公民社會中又扮演了什麼角色？都是了解民主社會的重要議題，政治學既有研究環繞選民相關的政治活動，並指出民眾常規式政治參與態度反映消極的現象，同時另一方面公民自主或積極地參與公共或政治事務的形式卻不衰且多樣性。本文透過2014年臺灣社會變遷基本調查計畫之公民權組（一）及公民權組（二）資料，分析社群媒體對於公民社會的關係，並進一步檢驗民眾在日常接觸中的意見網絡如何連結政治生活。主要發現：臺灣約有半數以上的民眾感覺處於異質意見網絡，而無論同質或異質網絡，逾四分之一的民眾傾向於願意改變自我的想法；社群媒體使用者在同質或異質網絡中都存有促進積極政治參與的機會，相對而言，未使用者則在異質網絡的效應比較明顯；積極政治參與的社會互動效應反映於異質意見網絡或愈弱的日常聯繫中，即離自我中心網絡愈遠、多樣性的社會圈可能有較大的機會；無論透過交叉分析或模型分析都能檢驗新媒體的效應，換言之，是否使用社群媒體對於積極政治參與顯著關聯。相較於以往政治學研究多以人口特徵較顯靜態的社會結構變項，本研究從社會網絡或社會互動的觀點補充，探討日常接觸中意見網絡的微觀民意樣態，冀望能銜接更接近人們日常中的政治生活樣貌。

Why are the people in Taiwan politics engagement? Do disagreeing social interaction scenarios good for promoting citizens` engagement in politics participation? In particular, what role does social media popularization play in civil society? Political science not only studies the political activities surrounding voters, but also points out that people`s conventional political participation attitudes reflect negative phenomena. On the other hand, the types of citizens actively participating in public political affairs have not declined but have become more diverse. This article analyzes the relationship between social media and civil society through the basic in 2014 Taiwan Social Change Survey, which includes citizenship (1) and (2) data, and further examines how the opinion networks in daily contact is linked to political life. We found that: (1) More than half of the people in Taiwan feel that they are in a heterogeneous opinion network in their daily lives. Whether it is a homogeneous or heterogeneous network, more than a quarter of the people tend to change their minds. (2) People who use social media have greater chance of political engagement in homogenous or heterogeneous networks; on the contrary, those who do not use social media have more obvious effects in heterogeneous networks; social interactions with political engagement effect is reflected in the heterogeneous opinion network, or the weaker daily contact, that is, the farther away from the ego social network, the more diverse the social circle may have a greater chance; (3) Whether through cross-analysis or model regression analysis, the effects of social media can be examined. In other words, social media are significantly associated with political engagement. Compared with the existing variables in the political science research, this study explores the micro-public opinion of networks in daily contact from the perspective of social networks or social interactions, and expects to be closer to the political life embedded in daily life.