繼親與寄養家庭之親權行使－兼論社會父母概念的引進

Abstract

本文以引進社會父母的概念，論述繼親與寄養家庭對未成年子女之親權行使。由於我國民法親屬編有關親權之規定，皆未能對此類與未成年子女共同生活的「社會父母」明定有行使親權之可能性，造成繼父母、寄養父母、本生父母與未成年子女彼此之間的權利義務不明確，產生行使上的困難。本文先就我國現行繼親收養、繼子女之改姓權、繼親對未成年子女之親權行使、繼父母子女間之扶養義務，與寄養家庭之收養、親權行使、會面交往權等情況，說明現行法之不足，再考察德國與瑞士等國之相關規定之後，進行立法建議，包括應分別於我國民法中增訂繼親行使親權之規定，以及於兒童及少年福利與權益保障法中具體規定寄養父母行使親權之範圍，以使相關人等之間的權利義務更臻明確。

This article uses the concept of introducing social and psychologically parents to discuss the exercise of custody over the children of the step-parent and foster family. Because of the provisions on custody of our civil law, it is impossible for such ＂social and psychologically parents＂ living with minor children to have the possibility of exercising custody, resulting in step-parents, foster parents, their own parents and minors. The rights and duties of children are not clear to each other, creating difficulties in their exercise. This article begins with the current situation of the adoption of the step-family in Taiwan, the change of the step-children`s right of surname, the custody of the step-parents to the minor children, the obligation to support the children of the step-parents, the adoption of the foster family, the exercise of custody, and the right to visit, etc. Explain the shortcomings of the current law. After reviewing the relevant regulations of countries such as Germany and Switzerland, This article try to make legislative recommendations. Including that the provisions on the custody of stepparents should be amended in our civil law, and the scope of the custody of foster parents should be specified in the Protection of Children and Youths Welfare and Rights Act so that the rights and obligations of the relevant persons can be clearly defined.