Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/138945
題名: 中國大陸大氣污染治理的政策誘導性、影響因素及治理邏輯研究
A Study on Policy Induction, Influencing Factors and Governance Logic of Atmospheric Pollution Governance in Mainland China
作者: 劉江
Liu, Jiang
貢獻者: 蘇偉業
劉江
Liu, Jiang
關鍵詞: 中國大陸
大氣污染治理
目標手段鏈
常規環保政策弱績效
應急動員治理
公眾環保意識
Mainland China
Atmospheric pollution governance
Target means chain
Weak performance of conventional environmental protection policies
Emergency mobilized regulation
Public environmental awareness
日期: 2022
上傳時間: 10-Feb-2022
摘要: 中國大陸大氣污染治理常遭遇治理偏差的指控,諸多基於碎片化威權主義、行政分包制與政治錦標賽理論的研究將其歸因為地方政府的執行不力,從中央環保政策影響視角的分析極為不足,對大氣污染治理偏差的影響因素缺乏系統性的釐清,導致對中國大陸大氣污染治理的治理邏輯缺乏整體性審視。\n本研究綜合採用質化研究與量化研究對中國大陸大氣污染治理議題展開討論,運用紮根理論對1981-2020年40年間的中央環保政策文本進行編碼分析,深入揭示中央對地方大氣污染治理行為的政策誘導性影響,發展出大氣污染治理偏差的政策誘導模型;搜集整理2001-2017年的省級面板數據,採用固定效應模型從中央、地方和社會三個面向對大氣污染排放的影響因素進行系統性的實證檢驗。\n基於紮根理論的質化研究發現,經濟增長—污染治理目標手段鏈擠佔污染治理的政策注意力,中央環保政策形成基於環保指標績效的應付式治理導向,環保政策不僅淪為提升產業集中度與提高經濟效益、撫平污染治理成效或污染現狀與領導者政治宣示的落差、完成應急環保任務的手段工具,環保政策尺度在經濟績效、環保應急任務的夾縫中被肆意調節。環保政策延續甚至強化大氣污染治理過程中的內在矛盾,進而刺激決策者對應急動員治理的路徑依賴,同時對社會參與長期保持高度警惕性,可能讓大氣污染治理痛失社會助力。\n基於面板數據的統計分析發現,大氣污染排放呈現東部地區尤其京津冀及周邊地區的集聚性高排放,中西部地區的排放快速增長的空間特徵,歷經局部強化的應急動員治理,但大氣污染排放未見顯著下降,同時,中央地方政府之間環保政策協調機制欠缺之間的矛盾異常突出。\n基於固定效應面板數據模型的總體分析可知,財政分權、經濟干預、能源消費等污染排放助長因素影響強勁,而地方大氣污染治理投資、環境處罰與環境監管等常規環保政策對大氣污染治理僅有弱績效甚至無效的影響。公眾環保意識是推動治理進程的重要源動力。\n基於固定效應面板數據模型的區域異質性分析可知,中央強化的環境任務壓力迫使東部地區對大氣污染排放施加政策干預,東北、中部與西部地區對中央環保政策的遵從度高於東部,但低環保任務壓力誘使其降低環保政策力度,助長大氣污染排放;教育水準顯著抑制東部地區的大氣污染排放,預示著公眾日益增長環保意識對其大氣治理進程的推動有強大的社會助力,相較而言,東北、中部與西部地區所能獲得社會助力極為有限。\n研究認為,中國大陸大氣污染治理邏輯嚴重背離環保本源目的、偏離制度正常運轉軌道,建議決策者推動中國大陸大氣污染治理走向正常化,回歸制度約束。
Atmospheric pollution governance in Mainland China often encounters allegations of governance deviations. Based on fragmented authoritarianism, administrative subcontracting and political championship theories, many studies attribute this to the poor implementation of local governments, and the analysis from the perspective of the impact of the central environmental protection policy is extremely insufficient, the influence factors of atmospheric pollution control deviation is a lack of systematic sort out. As a result, the logic of atmospheric pollution governance lacks a holistic review in Mainland China.\nThis research uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods to examine the issues of atmospheric pollution governance in Mainland China, and uses grounded theory to code and analyze the central environmental protection policy texts from 1981 to 2020, and reveal the central government’s policies on local atmospheric pollution governance behaviors, develop a policy-induced model of atmospheric pollution governance deviation. The provincial panel data from 2001 to 2017 were collected, and the fixed effect model was used to systematically test the influencing factors of atmospheric pollution emissions from the central, local and social perspectives.\nThe qualitative research based on grounded theory found that the target means chain of economic construction-pollution governance squeezed the attention of pollution governance policies, and the central environmental protection policy forms a formalism governance orientation based on environmental protection index performance. Environmental protection policy is not only a means to promote industrial upgrading and improve economic benefits, to smooth out the difference between pollution governance results or pollution status and political declarations of leaders, and to complete emergency environmental protection tasks, but also the strength of environmental protection policy is wanton adjustment in the gap between economic performance and environmental protection emergency tasks. Environmental protection policies continue or even intensify the internal contradictions in atmospheric pollution governance, which in turn stimulates decision makers to rely on the path of emergency mobilization regulations, while maintaining a high degree of vigilance on social participation for a long time, which may cause the loss of social assistance in atmospheric pollution governance.\nStatistical analysis based on panel data found that the space characteristics of atmospheric pollution emissions present high agglomeration emissions in the eastern region, especially in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the surrounding areas, and rapid growth in emissions in the central and western regions. After partial strengthening of emergency mobilized governance, but did not see a significant reduction in atmospheric pollution. At the same time, the lack of coordination mechanism of environmental protection policies between the central and local governments is extremely prominent.\nThe overall analysis based on the fixed effects panel data model shows that fiscal decentralization, economic intervention, energy consumption and other factors have a strong impact on pollution emission, while conventional environmental protection policies such as local atmospheric pollution governance investment, environmental punishment and environmental supervision have only a weak or even ineffective impact on atmospheric pollution governance. Public environmental awareness is an important source of power to promote the process of atmospheric pollution governance.\nThe analysis of regional heterogeneity based on the fixed-effects panel data model shows that the central strengthened environmental task pressure forces the eastern region to impose policy intervention on atmospheric pollution emission. The compliance of the northeast, central and western regions with the central environmental protection policy is higher than that of the eastern region, but the low environmental task pressure induces them to reduce the intensity of environmental protection policy and promote atmospheric pollution emission. Public awareness significantly inhibits the atmospheric pollution emission in the eastern region, which indicates that the growing public awareness of environmental protection has a strong social help to promote its atmospheric pollution governance process. while the northeast, central and western regions can obtain very limited social help.\nThe study argues that the governance logic of atmospheric pollution governance in Mainland China is seriously deviating from the original purpose of environmental protection and the normal operation track of the system. It is suggested that policymakers promote the normalization of atmospheric pollution governance and return to institutional constraints in Mainland China.
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描述: 博士
國立政治大學
公共行政學系
106256505
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0106256505
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

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