協力網絡下的跨專業知識分享－以財政部開放資料政策為例

Abstract

政府開放資料（Open Government Data, OGD）為資通訊科技與透明訴求整合下的創新政策，而政府資料的釋出也象徵著民間對政府擁有了更廣泛的課責及監督能力。當前我國開放資料之研究較少從組織面的觀點進行探討，而針對跨專業單位間的知識分享也是開放資料研究的發展趨勢。本研究以我國財政部開放資料政策為例，探討主要行為者在開放資料政策下採取知識分享行為的契機及協力過程，並統整該部會成員在開放資料政策上採取知識分享的影響因素。研究過程也探討其開放資料政策下知識分享過程的挑戰及成員因應相關挑戰之策略，並檢視知識分享後在開放資料政策上的影響與改變。\n本研究訪談財政部開放資料政策網絡中不同單位的成員，研究發現成員在開放資料政策上採取知識分享的主要契機為「政策配合」與「知識獲取」；開放資料中的制度性協力架構與知識分享架構並未完全重疊；在跨專業協力中，資訊單位在開放資料政策中多擔任知識諮詢的角色；在知識分享的影響因素方面，「組織層級因素」較「個人層級因素」更具影響力；開放資料政策下的知識分享也主要面臨著「時間匱乏」與「輪調頻繁」兩大挑戰，而該成員在策略上也主要採取「關鍵知識的歸納」與「跨專業邏輯的理解」來因應知識分享挑戰；最終，本研究也指出知識分享行為的採用對開放資料推動大致呈現正向影響。\n本研究建議我國在開放資料政策上應透過多元途徑來激勵成員間的主動性知識分享。而未來在開放資料政策上應致力將制度性協力架構與知識分享架構進行整合，以協助專業知識在組織內之保存。此外，也應建立穩定的開放資料分工體系，並將跨專業單位視為平等的協力夥伴關係。在知識傳遞上，應定期舉辦內隱知識的分享會議，並同步重視承辦人員在跨專業知識的培養，特別是承辦人員在開放資料政策上的資訊能力。最後也建議未來開放資料政策應將知識分享行為納入績效制度的考量範圍內，以提升成員在相關專業知識的交流。

Open government data (OGD) is an innovation policy under the integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and transparency demands, and the release of government data also symbolizes that the people have a wider responsible and supervisory ability over the government. Nowadays, the research of OGD in Taiwan is rarely discussed through the perspective of organization, and the knowledge sharing among inter-professional units is also a growing trend of OGD research. Taking the OGD policy of the Ministry of Finance in Taiwan as an example, this study explores the opportunity and collaboration process of the main policy actors to adopt knowledge sharing behavior under the OGD policy, and integrates the influencing factors of the members of the Ministry to adopt knowledge sharing in the OGD policy. The research process also discusses the challenges of knowledge sharing process under OGD policy and the strategies of members to cope with the challenges, and examines the impact and changes of knowledge sharing on the OGD policy.\nThis study interviews members of different departments in the OGD policy network of the Ministry of Finance and finds the main opportunities for members to adopt knowledge sharing in the OGD policy are “policy cooperation” and “knowledge acquisition”. The institutional collaboration framework and knowledge sharing framework in OGD do not completely overlap. In the process of inter-professional collaboration, information department often play the role of knowledge consultation in the OGD policy. In terms of contributing factors of knowledge sharing, the effect of “organizational level factor” is more influential than “individual level factor”. Knowledge sharing under the OGD policy also faces two major challenges of “time lacking” and “frequent rotation”, and the members mainly adopt “collection of key knowledge” and “understanding of inter-professional logic” to deal with the challenges\nof knowledge sharing. Finally, this study also points out that the adoption of knowledge sharing behavior has a positive impact on the OGD policy.\nThis study suggests Taiwan Government should encourage active knowledge sharing among members through multiple ways in OGD policy. Government should strive to integrate the institutional collaboration framework and knowledge sharing framework in order to help preserve professional knowledge in the organization. In addition, a stable collaborative system in OGD policy should be established, and inter-professional departments should be regarded as equal collaborative partnership. In terms of knowledge transfer, we should regularly hold implicit knowledge sharing meetings, and pay attention to the cultivation of inter-professional knowledge of contractors, especially the information ability of contractors in the OGD policy. Finally, the future of OGD policy should take knowledge sharing into account in the performance system, thereby improving the opportunity of professional knowledge’s exchange among members.