媒體使用與人民賦權：以印尼為例

Abstract

本論文旨於探討究竟使用大眾媒體（例如：觀看電視、收聽廣播、閱讀報紙、使用網路）是否有助於提升印尼當地人民賦權，並特別聚焦於對於當地女性產生之影響。本研究使用財務獨立性、對於家暴的態度、勞動參與、是否使用避孕措施作為本文衡量賦權之變數。研究數據來源為印尼2017年Demographic and Health Survey（DHS，人口健康調查）之統計資料，藉由量化分析法探討媒體使用對於印尼人民之影響，除了以最小平方估計法 (Ordinary Least Squares Estimation) 估計關聯性，亦使用工具變數 (instrumental variables) 處理內生性問題。本研究結果指出在其他條件不變的情況下，印尼女性賦權較差於印尼男性；多數媒體使用將影響印尼女性賦權，而對於男性影響則相對不顯著。其中正面影響最顯著的分別為廣播以及網路使用，而教育程度及財富程度亦與個人賦權程度呈正相關。

This thesis aims to explore whether the use of mass media (such as watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspapers, and using the Internet) can enhance the empowerment of the people in Indonesia, with a focus on women demographic. The empowerment indicators used in this study include financial independence, views on domestic violence, labor participation, whether to use contraceptive measures, and the age of first sex. The data comes from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). Quantitative analysis was used to explore the impact of media use on the Indonesian people. This paper uses Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Estimation and included instrumental variables to deal with endogenous problems. The result shows that other things being equal, the empowerment of Indonesian women was worse than that of Indonesian men. Moreover, media use will help enhance women’s empowerment, while the impact on men is comparatively insignificant. Among the different vehicles of media, broadcasting and internet use has the most significant and positive impact. Levels of education and wealth are also positively correlated with the degree of personal empowerment.