華人五旬宗自立運動先驅馬兆瑞及其人際網絡與親屬網絡

Abstract

本文的研究對象是民國時期五旬宗自立運動先驅馬兆瑞。近年來，英語學界進行的中國五旬節運動研究開始樂於探討本土教會、傳道人。然而由於其所掌握的第一手資料不足，遂忽略如馬兆瑞等中國五旬節運動重要領袖。另一方面，英語學界對非西方五旬宗的認識常反映某種想像－其多為經濟與社會剝奪、社會解組、心理失調脈絡下的失權者。本文除了耙梳馬兆瑞的生平以及自立教會的建立過程，並呈現其人際網絡和親屬網絡，除了說明他的自立主張與宣教士的連結並行不悖，更因為這層關係延伸出包含當時不少黨國要員和名流的人際網絡和親屬網絡，也使其向上流動並接觸到社經地位較高的各界人士。

This essay aims at studing Nathan Ma, who was a pioneer of Chinese Independent Church Movement in the Republican era. Since decades, the English Language academic circle on Pentecostalism in China has turned to focus on indigenous churches or indigenous preachers. However, most of the scholars from the English-speaking academic circle merely grasp very few primary sources about churches or preachers mentioned above, and therefore Pentecostal leaders in China such as Nathan Ma has been neglected by them. On the other hand, writings on non-estern Pentecostal movements by English-Speaking scholars seem to reflect a certain type of imagination that most of those non-Western Pentecostals were the disempowered living in the context of social and economic deprivation or psychological maladjustment. This essay investigates the life of Nathan Ma and the founding of his independent church. It also tries to present his social and kinship networks, which demonstrate that the independence of his church did not prevent him from connecting with foreign missionaries. Furthermore, it also indicates that his connections with party-state officials and celebrities had been based on the relations he built with missionaries, which facilitated his upward social mobility to reach people who held higher socio-economic status.