臺灣推動開放銀行之情境分析

Abstract

近年來，金融科技（FinTech）浪潮的興起，以及消費者對於金融服務的期待日益提升，加上後疫情時代的影響，促使近年的金融環境產生重大變化。許多金融機構正在積極進行數位轉型，希望能在這一波在轉型浪潮中維持競爭力，於是「開放銀行」這概念就浮現在大家眼前，它的出現給客戶、銀行家和企業家等帶來了許多未知數。\n開放銀行為銀行業開發創新服務提供了機會，通過開放應用程式介面(OpenAPI)存取金融和交易數據，創造更個性化更全面的金融服務，而開放銀行也正在推波助瀾零售到金融科技等不同部門之間的服務開發及突破性合作，達到在金融服務領域創造競爭和促進創新之目的。\n而英國首先於 2016 年開始引入開放銀行標準，透過消費者賦權的概念以使銀行業更加努力地為消費者謀福利，特別關注如何使用數據來幫助消費者進行交易、儲蓄、借貸和投資。而後歐盟、新加坡、香港、澳洲等國家都已開始推動開放銀行之發展，為了因應這股席捲全世界的金融科技變革，臺灣也在 2019 年開始推動開放銀行。\n本研究透過前瞻方法論之情境分析法，歸納出臺灣推動開放銀行之情境。根據研究之結果顯示，「順風順水」此一情境為臺灣推動開放銀行最可能面臨的情境。其情境條件為資安相關配套措施發展順利、民眾對於開放銀行之信任度高、金融服務質量高。本文建議銀行及第三方業者(Third Party Service Provider, TSP) 重視民眾數據的安全性、透明度、選擇、控制和靈活性、開發對民眾具有明確而且有直接利益的服務、建立數據使用條款等等方法，將有助於讓民眾放心並對開放銀行所帶來的改變建立信任度。此外，建議所有開放銀行參與者都會在其組織和運營中給予有效的資訊安全管理、制定、維護以及實施資訊安全規範，確保臺灣推動開放銀行成功落實。

In recent years, the rise of the wave of financial technology has led to continuous technological innovation, as well as consumers` increasing expectations for financial services. Coupled with the impact of the post-epidemic era, the economic environment has undergone significant changes in recent years. Many financial institutions are actively carrying out digital transformation to maintain their competitiveness in this wave of transformation. So the concept of "open banking" came to everyone`s eyes. Its emergence has brought many unknowns to customers, bankers, and entrepreneurs.\nOpen banking provides opportunities for the banking industry to develop innovative services, accessing financial and transaction data through Open API, creating more personalized and comprehensive financial services; and Open Banking is also promoting service development between retail and financial technology and other departments. Moreover, breakthrough cooperation to achieve the purpose of creating competition and promoting innovation in financial services.\nThe United Kingdom first introduced open banking standards in 2016 to make the banking industry work harder for the welfare of consumers, paying attention to how to use data to help consumers conduct transactions, savings, lending, and investment. Afterward, the EU, Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia, and other countries have begun to promote the development of open banking. In response to the financial technology revolution sweeping the world, Taiwan also began to promote open banking in 2019.\nThis research summarizes the situation of Taiwan`s promotion of open banking through the Scenario analysis method of forward-looking methodology. According to the results of the research, the scenario of "on a roll" is the most likely scenario that Taiwan will face in promoting open banking. The situational conditions are the smooth development of information security-related supportive measures, the high degree of public trust in open banks, and the high quality of financial services. This research recommends that banks and Third-party Service Providers pay attention to the security, transparency, control, and flexibility of people`s data, develop services that have clear and direct benefits to the people and establish data usage terms, etc., which will help to reassure the people and Build trust in the changes brought about by open banking. In addition, it is recommended that all open banking participants provide effective information security management, formulation, maintenance, and implementation of information security regulations in their organization and operations to ensure the successful implementation of Taiwan`s promotion of open banking.