違反金融消費者保護法的損害賠償成立要件及金額認定計算

Abstract

隨著金融消費型態改變，複雜的金融商品不斷推陳出新，惟因其商品結構複雜，常非一般金融消費者所易理解；即使金融服務業者已善盡風險告知義務，並提供產品說明書及風險預告書，金融消費者亦可能因專業知識不足或資訊不對等而忽略了投資風險，蒙受重大損失。加以企業經營者挾其於資訊、經濟及交涉能力之優勢，以定型化契約剝奪消費者權益之事件時有所聞。是以身處現代定型化契約盛行之交易社會中，民法所標榜契約自由之基礎已不存在；因為在消費者與企業經營者之消費者契約中，於締約開始，消費者即處於資訊、經濟以及交涉能力不平等之立場。於二八金融海嘯之後，台灣金融市場也受到極大的影響，當中許多金融消費者因為購買了連動債而受有損害，在相關的訴訟中許多金融消費者又因為法院見解的保守而無法獲得求償。因此建立金融消費者保障之法律即為重要課題，也因而有金融消費者保護法之制訂。\n拜金融創新與科技進步所賜，除了傳統的金融消費活動持續存在，金融消費行為的形式正不斷擴張，幾乎所有人每天都會發生金融消費行為，而成為金融消費者。面對越來越複雜的金融商品與服務，金融消費爭議的發生機率也越來越高；無論金融消費者是否謹慎進行金融消費活動，都難以避免金融消費爭議發生的可能性。於金保法施行以前，金融消費爭議的解決管道多元並存，但救濟效果卻參差不齊，金融消費者也因為不知如何將爭議案件對應合適的處理管道，而不易獲得最佳化救濟結果。是以本文以金融消費者保護法之施行為基礎來探討此議題；研究重點可分為以下幾點：\n1.投資人即金融消費者應否受保護；若認為應保護之，其理由為何？\n2.本文將行銷金融商品應注意之義務集中在說明義務與適合性原則為討論。此外，違反上開原則時，應要求金融機構僅就其過失負責，或應負擔無過失責任。\n3.探討違反金融消費者保護法之說明義務及適合性原則之損害賠償成立要件及金額認定計算。

With the changes in financial consumption, complex financial products are constantly evolving; the financial consumers whose proficiency and knowledge with respect to such products remains limited even though having read the prospectus and other disclosure documents related to risks involved are likely to ignore investment risks and suffer the loss beyond their maximum tolerance due to lack of expertise or incorrect information. Having the superiority of the information and the dominant status in capital and negotiation, the finencial service industry deprives rights and take advantages from consumers by standard contracts now and then. The freedom of contract can no longer be seen in the modern standard contracts, because the asymmetry of information and the dominant status in capital and negotiation of finencial service providers are supperion then consumers . After the financial srisis in 2008, financial market in Taiwan suffered an extreme impact. Taiwan’s market buyer suffer from significant losses due to the Structured note and can’t get a compensation under the conservative position hold by the court. Therefore it’s necessary to build up a protective mechanism to safeguard these financial consumers and so the Financial Consuming Protection Act (FCPA) was born.\nOwing to the financial innovation and technology progression, the scale and the complexity of financial service are growing. Consumers are provided with new financial service daily; however, it is unavoidable that such complexity leads to financial disputes between consumers and the providers. This study is based on the Financial Consumer Protection Act which was effective on 30th December 2011, and it can be divided into the following key points:\n1、Should financial consumers be protected? If yes, what`s the reason of protection?\n2、This study focuses on the explanation duty and principle of suitability or appropriateness within the principles of marketing financial products. By the way, if these principles are not obeyed, should financial service industry be responsible for their negligence or bear how-fault liability without fault?\n3、The constituent elements and damages assessment for The Breach of Financial Consumer Protection Act.