論日本「愛女」與「厭女」的雙面性：從戲劇文本中的『完美母親』形象出發

Abstract

日本作為世界屈指的先進國，在經濟與民主方面都取得極大成就，唯在性別不平等議題上依舊牛步不前。從歷史研究和客觀數據可以發現，日本作為一個父權國家，其性別意識／歧視和性別分工的固化是造成現今日本社會在全球性別落差指數（Gender Gap Index, GGI）排名上屈居末流的原因。這種父權社會對女性無所不在的歧視與壓迫，學者又稱之為「厭女」（Misogyny）現象，並且是透過「愛女」與「厭女」的兩手策略，既是拉攏、又懲罰著女性。\r\n而戲劇文本作為文化的載體，也如實地呈現了日本女性日常受壓迫的情節與前述的兩手策略－－尤其在母親角色上。母親角色（母職）也是女性主義者關注的重要議題，有論者認為其只是一種文化上的理想，有論者認為母性／母愛是一種「制度」，希望女性不要陷入這種父權社會所打造的「浪漫的迷思」。激進女性主義更認為母職與生殖性問題是女性受壓迫的根本性原因。\r\n女性主義的是核心思想是「平等」，從女性的角度出發觀察並挑戰（父權）世界對女性／性別所有規範的不平等與壓迫；本文選擇以此為研究途徑，立基於女性主義的思考對研究文本中所描述的厭女情結與完美母親角色（母職）進行文本分析，並找出完美母親背後隱藏的厭女性格，以及愛女與厭女是如何展現其雙面性。

One of the world`s leading advanced countries, Japan, has created impressive achievements and development both at the economic and democratic levels. Nonetheless, Japan is still slow to advance on the issue of gender inequality. From historical document research and objective data, it is pointed out that Japan belongs to a patriarchal country. The solidification of gender awareness/discrimination and gender division of labor is the main reason why Japanese society ranks very low in the Gender Gap Index (GGI) today. In such a situation, the ubiquitous discrimination and oppression of women in the patriarchal society is also called \"Misogyny\" by scholars. Moreover, it is usually through the double-sided strategy of \"Philogyny\" and \"Misogyny\", which is both showing favor and punishing women at the same time.\r\nAs the carrier of culture, dramatic texts often faithfully present the daily oppression of Japanese women and the aforementioned two-sided strategy, especially for the role of mothers. The role of motherhood is an important issue of particular concern to feminists. Among them, some commentators believe that this is just a cultural ideal, some believe that motherhood/mother love has become a \"system\", and hope that women will not fall into the \"romantic myth\" created by the patriarchal society. Radical feminism further believes that motherhood and reproductive problems are the fundamental reasons for the oppression of women.\r\nImportantly, the core idea of Feminism supporters is \"equality\". From a woman`s perspective, they observe and challenge the inequalities and oppression that the (patriarchal) world regulates against women/gender. Taking this thesis as a research approach, this research considers the implementation of textual analysis of the Misogyny complex and the Perfect Mother (motherhood) described in the research text based on Feminism. Moreover, this research finds out the character of Misogyny hidden in the role of Perfect Mother, and reveals how Philogyny and Misogyny show their duality.