成年新住民子女族群認同與社經地位之研究

Abstract

本研究採用混合研究方法，旨在探討成年新住民子女的族群認同和社經地位。根據深度訪談和網路問卷的結果，主要研究發現為日常生活環境中的經驗對受訪者族群認同的形塑有顯著的影響。由於日常生活中新住民子女的身份幾乎沒有扮演什麼重要角色，多數受訪者對台灣的認同遠高於對新住民父母族群的認同。另外，政府政策有助於建立一個更友善的社會環境，使受訪者能自信地聲稱自己是台灣人，並對新住民父母的族群抱持正面態度。\n而使用「臺灣後期中等教育長期追蹤資料庫」和「臺灣社會變遷基本調查資料庫」分別進行統計分析則發現，在高中和青年時期，新住民子女在教育和職業成就皆低於非移民背景者，尤其是東南亞籍新住民子女。家庭背景的劣勢在此過程中扮演重要角色。\n最後，根據深度訪談和網路問卷的結果，主要研究發現為受訪者進入高等教育的比例和平均年薪與整體社會的情況沒有明顯差異，與上述統計分析結果明顯不同。儘管家庭社經地位對教育和職業成就有顯著影響，有些受訪者由於父母教育態度、提供協助的他人（例：學校老師）、非政府組織，以及政府政策等因素，得以克服其弱勢家庭背景所造成的阻礙。此外，雖然族群身份在此過程中並未扮演重要角色，但由於相關政策提供給新住民子女教育和就業機會，在一些情境中，族群身份確實有顯著的影響。\n由於統計分析和質性研究結果有明顯差異，如果我們要更深入了解新住民子女在成年後的社經地位，根據具全國代表性的隨機樣本進行的大規模研究計畫，不論是質性或量化研究都有其必要性。

My dissertation research explores the ethnic identification and socioeconomic status of children of new immigrants in their early adulthood in Taiwan, using a mixed methods approach. The findings based on my semi-structured interviews and online survey reveal that daily experiences in the immediate environment, in which ethnic identity has played a trivial role, have contributed to the majority of the participants’ strong identification with the larger society and weak identification with their immigrant heritage. In addition, government policy has helped create a friendlier environment in which the participants feel safe to claim a Taiwanese identity and hold a positive attitude toward their immigrant heritage.\nNext, using the Taiwan Upper Secondary Education Database (TUSED) and the Taiwan Social Change Survey (TSCS) datasets, my analysis shows that children of new immigrants have lower educational and occupational attainment than individuals with a non-immigrant background in high school and early adulthood, particularly children of Southeast Asian immigrants. An important factor appears to be their disadvantaged family background.\nThird, unlike the statistical results, the findings drawing on my semi-structured interviews and online survey demonstrate that there is no significant difference between the participants and the general population in higher education attendance rate and annual income. Although family socioeconomic status appears to be a significant factor in shaping their educational and occupational attainment, there are factors that have helped some participants overcome barriers posted by their disadvantaged family background, such as parental attitude toward education, supportive people (e.g., school teachers), non-governmental organizations, and government policy. Moreover, ethnic identity is trivial in this process generally, but it is salient in certain situations thanks to relevant policy programs granting children of new immigrants educational and occupational opportunities.\nDue to the discrepancy between my statistical results and qualitative findings, if we are to better understand the socioeconomic status of children of new immigrants in adulthood, large-scale research projects, both qualitative and quantitative, based on nationally representative random samples may be necessary.